海德格之自由觀的類型及其意涵

The Different Types of Heidegger’s View of Freedom and Their Implications

本文嘗試將海德格前後期不同的幾種「自由觀」類型作出區分及說明。「自由」為海德格哲學中一個極重要的問題，此問題貫串海德格前後期的思想。然而不同時期的海德格顯然有不同的「自由觀」：前期海德格主張主體式的自由觀、後期則轉向形上學層次的自由觀。其中又可進一步分為：人我之間、物我之間的自由、以及「此在」與「存有」間的關係。本文的論點為：無論主體式的自由、抑或作為形上學法則的自由，「此在」都必須回到對於「存有」的省思，以便經歷到真正的自由。

This study tries to distinguish and elucidate the different types of Heidegger’s views of freedom. The problem of “freedom” is an important one that ran through the whole Heidegger’s philosophy. However, Heidegger held distinct viewpoints of freedom in different periods of time. The early Heidegger advocated the freedom in the subjective sense, while the late Heidegger turned to the freedom in the metaphysical sense. Among them we can further differentiate the freedom between one and the other, the freedom between oneself and things, the relationship between the Dasein and the Being. The thesis of this paper is following: Whether it is the subjective freedom or the freedom as a metaphysical principle at issue, the Dasein must come back to the reflection about the Being in order to experience the true freedom.