易象－與--源於「蓋天」說之推思

The Symbols '－' and '--' of the Book of Changes and the Gai-Tien Theory

中國易學起於伏羲氏畫八卦，然而不論就八卦的符號結構或思想內容上說，都是已經成熟了的哲學思想，伏羲氏即令是天縱之聖，也難能以一人之智慧完成如是偉大的文化事業。是以作者認為在伏羲氏畫卦之前，必有更遠古的思想繼承，只是遠古文化蹤跡渺茫，難得證明。近年來，因為究心於易之數理，常致思於奇偶之數，始悟及古代「蓋天」之說實與易象之起源有著密切關係，進而思之，愈覺合理，乃寫此篇。本文分作以下三章：一、八卦的畫成是哲思之「果」而非「因」。簡要說明八卦所含哲思之富，決非伏羲氏一人之力所能完成，應該前有所承。二、「－」與「--」兩象應更早於八卦發生。從符號的組合即思想上論「－」與「--」兩象為八卦之本，應早生。太極之「－」則為理推而生。三、「－」與「--」源於古代之蓋天思想。由古籍「蓋天」說之記載，證明「－」與「--」兩象為更遠古思想，並可由此窺見發展成八卦之跡。本文非必然之論定，只是合理的推思，甚望我考古文物界將來有新發現以資證明。

The Chinese philosophy of change originated from Fu-his's drawing the Eight Diagrams. As far as its symbols and contents of thought are concerned, however, it has already been a mature philosophical thought. Mature as it is, even if Fu-his should be a man of excellent talent, he could hardly accomplish such great cultural event by himself! So, I think, there had been an even more ancient thought, before he designed the Eight Diagrams which is difficult to track and prove. In these years, in view of devoting myself to inquire the figures and numbers of the Book of Changes, I started to realize that the figures of the Book of Changes connect closely with the Gai-Tien Theory. This essay is divided into three parts: 1 .The completion of the Eight Diagrams is not the cause but the effect of philosophical speculation. 2. The emergence of the two figures '－' and '--' was earlier than that of the Eight Diagrams. 3. The two figures '－' and '--' emerged from the ancient Gai-Tien Theory. This discovery is not so much a necessary judgement as a reasonable inference, I wish the evidence can be found in archeology in some day.