民初救世新教之《大學證釋》研究

The Study of The Interpretation of The Great Learning by The Salvation Protestantism in Early Republican Period

本文乃透過民國初年救世新教之《大學證釋》的研究，探討民間教派對《大學》改本的思想主張，以及他們對清儒實學思想的回應。《大學證釋》雖是民間教派的作品，但是他們與學術界的讀書人一般，關心《大學》經文的原貌，追求「格物致知」的真義，是以雖以宗教的扶鸞儀式從事《大學》註解，但是我們可以藉此了解儒家經典被詮釋的多元面向，以及民間教派如何轉化儒家思想成為宗教修持的文化現象。《大學證釋》深受清儒實學思想的影響，因之，對於「明明德」的詮釋，著重於外在事功的建立，並以「明物順情」之肯定人欲的層面解釋「格物致知」，由此皆可見民間儒學對主流儒學的吸收與轉化。綜觀本文對《大學證釋》的探究，我們可以發現，民間教派對主流儒學的吸收絕不是單線的，而是呈現百川匯聚的狀況，如其中所言之「四綱領」，實乃受程朱學派的影響，以「止至善」論本體，則是陽明學派的思想，可見救世新教乃在大傳統的學術思潮中，開演儒家另一宗教式的庶民傳統。

The study is according to The Interpretation of The Great Learning by The Salvation to research the rewritten books of The Great Learning by popular religions and its response about Practical Learning in Ming and Qing periods. Even though The Interpretation of The Great Learning is the work of civil community, but the authors still concerned the reality of The Great Learning, they also researched the meaning of “investigate things and extend knowledge to the utmost.” Although that book is interpreted by planchette of religion, we could rely on that book to understand the diverse views in the Confucian hermeneutic and how the popular religions translated Confucianism to religious concepts. The Interpretation of The Great Learning is influenced by Practical Learning in Ming and Qing periods, so the “Bright the Brilliant Virtue” is interpreted as the establishment of personal careers, and that book recognized the human desire for interpreting “investigate things and extend knowledge to the utmost.” We could know how the popular Confucianism absorbed and translated the philosophy of mainstream Confucianism by that book. We could find the way The Interpretation of The Great Learning absorbed and translated the mainstream Confucianism is not only one way, it presented the views by consolidating many ways, that book developed the religious perspectives of Confucianism in civil community.