朱連‧葛林的南方三部曲裡的時間意象

LE TEMPS DANS LA TRILOGIE SUDISTE DE JULIEN GREEN

長篇巨構的《南方三部曲》以美國內戰前的南方社會為背景。對生長於法國的葛林而言，南方不僅是父母的故鄉，更是童年的夢：母親對家園的追憶，在他幼年的歲月裡編織成神話般的想像。然而，這個遙遠的國度毀於戰火，童年的樂園更是一去不返！經由文學創作，葛林重現逝去的時光，字裡行間，處處流露懷舊之情，是一部時間意象豐沛的作品。本文乃在探討三部曲中的時間表現。全文分為三部份，依次分析敘述的時序，節奏，以及主要人物的心理時間和內心世界。結構上，三部小說具有編年記事的特性，歷史事件標界時間，真實明確。故事起始於一八五零年，終結於一八六二年的第二次南北戰役。作者以史詩般的文筆，展現南方的繁華豐美、民風習俗、政經環境。女主角的成長歷程、感情生活是小說情節的主幹。她的期盼、憂煩，與故事節奏緊密相扣。在葛林筆下，各種時間風貌生動呈現，尤其是對光陰流逝的無奈與感嘆！然而剎那可成永恆，幸福美好必須在瞬間領會。正如葛林所言：生命的可貴正在於它的短暫。

In the trilogy of the South －Les Pays lointains, Les Etoiles du Sud and Dixie-, Julien Green has joined his family roots and dreams of his childhood. The South of the United States, being the native country of his parents, is more than a mere background for the story of the three novels. As life in this country in the middle of the nineteenth century is described in minute detail, the South is supposed to be the main protagonist. In Green's mind, this 'pays lointain'- the faraway land － is like a lost paradise, destroyed by Civil War. Thus he tried to bring back to life the beautiful time of the past through his literary creation. In fact, the motif of time important and evident in this piece of work; it is the object of our study. Our article is divided into three parts: we analyze the order, the duration and the consciousness of time. The story of the trilogy extends over 12 years, from 1850 to the second battle of Manassas in 1862. The narration is made in a chronological order, marked by historical events. But the 'psychological' time, as we know, may interfere with the chronological succession of occurrences. Green's novels are just characterized by the disparity between the 'external time' (clock's regularity) and the 'inner time' (temporal subjectivity). Through the psychological experiences of the heroine, Elizabeth, Green expressed the various aspects of time and his idea of life.