王守仁撫贛時期的文人領軍

Wang Shou-jen and His Troops Dominated by Civil Officers in Chiang-hsi Province

本文旨在探討明代中葉一支由文人領軍的部隊成功之事例，進而分析其與清代湘、准軍之異同。全文共分四章，第一章簡介明中葉江西全境及閩、粵、贛、湘交界區的軍情態勢，做為下文深究的背景藍圖。第二章描述王守仁在南贛巡撫任內的建軍和戰果，尤其著重發掘其所部儒將們的履歷和事蹟。第三章就討平寧王宸濠一役，剖析守仁所部之各類成員，以及他們的出身和行事。第四章以《實錄》和碑銘史料，檢證《明史》對守仁部將仕途評述之精確度。最後歸結出兩項研究成果：其一，王守仁是一代大儒，其深邃學養和崇高聲望自有助於號召幹部、克敵制勝；而其在贛的卓著事功，後來也成為江右王學所繼承的重要資產之一；其二，守仁在贛部隊的解散，並不盡如《明史》所論，全歸因於人事傾軋，而實有著複雜的制度性因素。因此這支文人統率的軍隊難以發展成湘、准軍的規模。

This article mainly probes into a successful case concerning troops led by Confucian officials in mid-Ming times which preceded the famous Hsiang and Huai Armies in late Ch'ing times. The essay cousists of four chapters. Chapter one introduces the military situation in Chianghsi Province before the arrival of Wang Shou-jen. Chapter two depicts how Wang summoned his civil subordinates and constructed a combative troops in southern Chiang-hsi. Chapter three focuses on the campaign led by Wang against Chu Ch'en-hao, the King of Ning, and those Confucian officials who followed Wang's call and strove to succeed in the battles. Chapter four, based on historical materials recorded in Shih-lu, scrutinizes the validity of Ming-shih's comments on Wang's civil subordinates. Two major conclusions are reached. One is that Wang's exploits in Chiang-his, indirectly derived from his remarkable cultivation of the Neo-Confucianism, formed the core creed of the Chiang-yu School. The other is that the fmally disintegration of Wang's civil subordinates chiefly resulted from the institutional factors, instead of those factional conflicts assered by Ming-shih.