影響社區長者參與志服務之因素探討

Exploring the Factors Affecting Seniors' Willingness for Volunteer Services in the Community

高齡者參與志願服務已被證實有益於成功老化，但國內社區老年人實際參與志願服務的狀況卻一直偏低，相關因素值得探討了解。本研究目的在於探討社區整體及不同性別老年人參與志願服務意願的影響因素。以新北市老年人為對象，利用橫斷性研究進行調查，依據各區老人人口按比率使用配額取樣，並利用老人聚會場域進行收集資料，共抽取65歲以上老年人3,000人，針對基本資料及影響長者志願服務相關因素自擬問卷進行訪測，得有效問卷為2,578份，回收率為85.9%。結果顯示整體而言，65-74歲、目前有工作、有足夠的金錢可運用、對居住地不滿意、居住在非偏遠區及有參與社區活動之長者，參與志願服務比率較高。有配偶之男性長者，有較高比率參與志願服務；而有足夠的金錢可運用及對居住地不滿意之女性長者，則參與志願服務比率較高。事實上社區長者投入志願服務，能有更多的機會繼續與社會互動，而社區活動的參與顯著地影響長者參與志願服務的意願，因此應鼓勵社區老人多元與廣泛的參與社會活動，增進志願服務意願，有助於彰顯長者晚年生活的意義與價值。

Seniors' participation in volunteer services has been a proven benefit in successful aging. However, participating senior volunteers in community services in Taiwan are fewer than those in other countries. Therefore, this study explores community as a whole, gender variance in the involvement of volunteer services, and their affecting factors. A cross-sectional survey study was designed, and the senior adults in New Taipei City (a suburban area nearby Taipei City) were the study subjects. Stratum sampling was used for data collection during senior community activities. 3,000 senior adults age 65 and above were surveyed, and 2,578 survey questionnaires were returned with an 85.9% return rate. The overall results indicated that those having a higher attendance rate of volunteer community services were in between the ages of 65 and 74, had jobs with sufficient financial support, were unhappy with their living environment, lived nearby the metropolitan area, and took part in community activities. The married males had a higher rate of attending volunteer services. The married females with sufficient financial support and dissatisfaction in their living environment had a higher rate of volunteer services in their communities. In fact, if senior volunteers participate in community services, they will have more opportunities of continuing to interact with the society. Participation in social activities will significantly influence their willingness to join volunteer services. Therefore, senior adults in the community should be encouraged to join various and expansive social activities to enhance their willingness to participate in volunteer services, which may enhance seniors' life meaning and values.