中國威權政體下的集體抗議：台資廠大罷工的案例分析

Popular Protest in an Authoritarian Regime: A Wildcat Strike in Southern China

本文以2014年廣東台資鞋廠延續十餘天的4萬人罷工為案例，呈現在當今中國威權政體下，大規模集體抗爭的動員和結果，導因於多重機制的互動過程。影響大罷工的社會機制包括：（1）空間環境及網路空間的人際關係；（2）動員的自發性；（3）外來勞工組織的支援；（4）法律主義的權益訴求；（5）情感、符號、謠言的驅動作用。面對工人集體抗爭，資方和地方政府各有不同的利益考量和誘因導向，無法合力及時瓦解罷工。大規模的勞工集體抗議，標舉國家法律做為訴求，佐以有效的動員機制，在國家試圖納入以法制做為統治合法性的過程中，得到著力點，也衝擊了資本家和地方政府慣存的政商互利治理模式。地方政府藉由公安、情治、工會、社保等部門，雖然未必能防止大罷工的發生，但有能力控制大罷工的動態發展，由此順勢建立集體抗爭的制度化，避免損害威權政體的統治合法性。

Based on a case study of a workers’ wildcat strike in a Taiwanese footwear factory in Guangdong, this study examines the protest mobilization and government response in the Chinese authoritarian regime. The findings indicate that the massive 10-day strike involved a series of mechanisms, including: (1) the unique ecology of the factory campus that nurtured close-knit worker networks; (2) workers’ spontaneous mobilization that lacked both central leadership and autonomous organizations; (3) advice and instruction from independent labor NGO activists; (4) appeals to citizenship rights and legalism; and (5) mobilization though emotions, ideological symbols, and rumors. The company and local government had different interests and incentives, and thus could not collude on curbing the strike. The local state, despite not being able to prevent a strike from happening, is able to contain a massive strike, relying on its police, official trade unions, and Party system. Nevertheless, collective action by disadvantaged groups pressured the local government’s implementation of laws and policies from above. Thus, mass protest played a crucial role in the dynamic political process, exemplifying the changing nature of state-society relations in China.