當中年遇到青少年：親子關係類型與父母中年生活感受

When Middle-aged Parents Meet Adolescent Children: Parent-child Relationship Patterns and Parent's Midlife Perceptions

本研究探討中年父母與青少年子女之親子關係類型，檢驗其對於父母中年生活感受之影響，並同時考慮父母與子女的個人因素。資料來源為台灣中央研究院社會學研究所「台灣青少年成長歷程研究計畫」於2000年與2002年收集的資料，分析樣本包括1,906份學生與父母的配對資料。以潛在全象分析探討親子關係的潛在類別，並以多元迴歸分析檢驗親子關係類型對父母中年生活感受之影響。研究結果顯示父母中年生活感受分為「親子代溝感」、「憂心未來感」、「不滿現狀感」三因素，母子關係可區分為「衝突」、「母親子悖」、「母悖子趨避」、「親愛」四類型，父子關係則區分為「衝突」、「父疏子悖」、「父疏子親」、「親愛」四類型。不論父親或母親，中年生活感受均因這個發展階段的親子關係而不同，「親愛型」的父親或母親中年生活感受最為良好。且就母親而言，四類型中，「衝突型」的母親中年生活感受最為負面。此外，家庭月收入、健康狀態明顯影響中年生活感受，子女學業表現與過去親子相處狀態影響父母的親子代溝感，婚姻滿意度對母親的影響遍及中年生活的各方面感受。

This research investigates the patterns of parent-child relationships between middle-aged parents and their adolescent children, and then examines their impacts on parents' midlife perceptions with parents' and children's individual factors taken into account. The data used in this study are derived from Taiwan Youth Project conducted by the Institute of Sociology, Academic Sinica, Taiwan in 2000 and 2002. The analysis sample consists of 1,906 pairs of parents and children. Latent profile analysis is employed to find out the latent classes of parent-child relationships, and multiple regression is used to examine the impact of parent-child relationships on parents' midlife perceptions. The results indicate that three factors of midlife perceptions abstracted for both male and female parents are 'the parent-child gap,' 'worry about the future,' and 'dissatisfaction with present status.' Mother-child relationships are classified as Mother-Child Conflict, Mother-Close but Child-Conflict, Mother-Conflict and Child-Inconsistent, and Mother-Child Close. Father-child relationships are classified as Father-Child Conflict, Father-Distance but Child-Conflict, Father-Distance and Child-Close, and Father-Child Close. Both mothers' and fathers' midlife perceptions are affected by parent-child relationships at this developmental stage. Parents who have close relationships with their children report the least negative perceptions. For mothers, moreover, the most negative perceptions are associated with the conflict relationship among the four types. In addition, family income and health condition are significant predictors for both mothers' and fathers' midlife perceptions. Parents' perceptions of the parent-child gap are connected with children's academic performances and past parent-child relations. Finally, marital satisfaction is a significant predictor for mothers' three factors of midlife perceptions.