親密關係作為反思國族主義的場域：老榮民的兩岸婚姻衝突

Rethinking Nationalism through Intimate Relationships: Conflicts in Cross-Strait Marriages

1987年兩岸開放後，經由返鄉探親的途徑，許多來台初期囿於禁葷令等因素而無法結婚的「老單身」就養榮民與中年中國女性結褵，並建立在台首次合法異性戀親密關係；狀似矛盾的是，這些人當中確有不少在婚後訴諸「反共防諜」的說詞，以規訓大陸配偶、或反對妻子取得台灣公民身分。此外，在晚近台灣國族主義的論述語境中，部分國境管理者和退輔機構人士、大眾媒體和特定政黨民意代表，將這些成長於中國文化大革命期間的陸配視為終身的紅衛兵，形同不可能擁有「台灣認同」的「國足他者」，故而不應賦予整體公民權利。本民族誌研究藉由老年榮民兩岸婚姻中的家庭暴力事件，以討論一、文革經驗是否形塑陸配的國族認同與在台的生活慣習？若是，形塑的方式為何？二、老年榮民視陸配為「匪諜」的原因與作法為何？這些原因和做法的歷史、政治、社會機構和個人生命階段的脈絡又是什麼？藉由以上的分析，本文也試圖討論性別政治、國族主義、以及全球化情境中社會福利權之間的連結關係。

The lifting of Martial Law in 1987 opened the gate for Taiwanese mainlanders to visit family members who remained in the People's Republic of China. During these homecoming trips, many a 'cared-for veteran' married a middle-aged Chinese woman and thus eventually could develop a legal intimate relationship in Taiwan. Paradoxically, however, quite a few veteran husbands regard their mainland spouses as 'Communist spies' and discipline them as such. Situated in the contemporary discursive context of Taiwanese nationalism, at the same time, mechanisms of border control, the Veteran Affairs Commission, and mass media, as well as representatives of certain political parties, often equate those mainland spouses with 'life-long Red Guards'-that is, 'national others by nature' within Taiwan that accordingly should be denied full citizenship rights. Based on ethnographical research of domestic violence cases occurring in the above-mentioned cross-strait marriages, this paper aims to answer the following two sets of questions: First, did life experiences during the Cultural Revolution indeed construct those mainland spouses' national identities and everyday-life practices in Taiwan? If so, how does such a form of identity-construction progress and take effect? And, second, how and why does the veteran husband regard his mainland wife to be a 'Communist spy'? In addition, how has such a (mis)understanding come into formation in the post-1949 politico-historical contexts; and, has this conception been reinforced by present conditions of social welfare, as well as individuals' life stages?