中國大陸農村財產權制度變中的地方制度基礎：閩南與蘇南的地區差異

本文以地方制度解釋中國改革以來農村財產權制度變遷的地方差異，呈顯地區經濟活動鑲嵌在地方制度的過程。雖然國家統治者以及市場機制在農村制度變遷過程中，都發揮了重要的影響，但本文強調：單單依靠國家官僚制度以及市場機制，以解釋中國農村的經濟制度變遷仍有所欠缺，唯有加入地方制度的分析，瞭解地方制度與國家、市場的互動關係和影響過程，才可能更完整解釋制度轉型和地區差異。本文以閩南和蘇南鄉鎮企業發展為案例，呈顯這兩個地區的鄉鎮企業置身於迥然不同的地方制度環境，閩南的財產權制度主要鑲嵌在以家族主義為經緯的社會網絡和資源動員過程中；蘇南的鄉鎮企業財產權變遷是建立在地方官僚為核心的權力網絡之中。同時，本文試圖回應經濟社會學與制度經濟學有關制度變遷的理論對話，以蘇南和閩南在一九九○年代末期的發展經驗，顯示經濟制度的轉型未必朝向趨同性，各個地區制度環境的誘因結構受制於地方制度，由此證明非正式限制是解釋制度變遷的關鍵因素，地方制度會制約國家統治者所發動的制度變遷的路徑，因此展現了經濟制度轉型鑲嵌於地方社會的過程。

An explanation is offered for regional variations in property rights transformation by examining the institutions in which local economic activities are embedded. The author argues that state bureaucracies and market mechanisms alone are insufficient for explaining institutional change in rural China. Only by including local institutions in any analysis of relationships among state, market, and local institutions is it possible to accurately explain paths of institutional change. Data were gathered from case studies and interviews conducted in southern Fujian and southern Jiangsu. They show that Southern Fujian property rights transformation was embedded in family and clan networks, while rural enterprises in southern Jiangsu were more strongly affected by power networks among local political cadres. In terms of post-reform institutional development in the late 1990s in the same regions, the author argues that institutional transformation does not necessarily lead to a convergence of global capitalism, since regional incentive structures are shaped by local institutions that serve as informal constraints affecting transformation paths originally initiated by the state.