論基本國策在我國憲法中之定位

Essay on the Orientation of Fundamental National Policy in the Constitution

我國憲法設有「基本國策」一章，係比較憲法上頗具特色的規範模式。此種將國家發展方針入憲的規範模式，發源於德國威瑪憲法，有其特殊的歷史背景。本文首先對綱領條款的概念起源進行歷史性的分析，以獲得解釋上的啟發。其次，為探求基本國策在我國憲法中之定位，本文乃逐一探討我國早期與現今學者對基本國策所作之解釋，並比較德國學者對於基本法中「國家目標規定」的解釋取向，重新對基本國策的性質與效力作出詮釋，以提供較為妥適的解釋方向。

There is a chapter by the name of “Fundamental National Policy” in our constitution, which is a unique mode of composition compared to foreign constitutions. Considering this mode of composition can track back to Weimar Constitution and has its special historical context, this essay would firstly analyze the history and the drafting of these program provisions, so as to gain inspirations to the interpretation of the Fundamental National Policy Provisions of our current Constitution. Furthermore, in order to find an appropriate orientation of these provisions in our constitution, this essay will review the inland academic interpretations on these provisions so far as yet on one side and compare to the German academic interpretation on the Basic Law on the other side, so that we can come up with a better way to understand the nature and the legal effect of the Fundamental National Policy Provisions.