工程採購履約爭議於新仲裁機制之探討

A Study on Engineering Procurement Performance Disputes of New Arbitration Mechanism

行政院公共工程委員會為避免工程採購履約爭議之案件，因法院訴訟冗長，致影響公共預算投入經濟活動，從2012年起開始推動新仲裁機制。本文除介紹仲裁機制之內容，包括仲裁人之選定、主任仲裁人之共推、公開仲裁程序及仲裁判斷書、仲裁判斷書應記載事實及理由及仲裁庭得不適用衡平原則為判斷，將一併探討其法源及美日對於工程履約爭議仲裁立法例，以期對工程履約爭議之加速解決，建議妥適之仲裁解決機制，並符合國際化之要求。本文認為仲裁機制惟有維持其公正性，方能真正獲得信賴與採用，而慎選仲裁人，則為仲裁成敗關鍵之所在。仲裁人除須具備法定仲裁人資格之專業能力外，可藉由個案之仲裁程序之進行及仲裁判斷，檢視仲裁人執行仲裁職務之公正性，做為移除或保留仲裁人資料庫名單之參考。惟本文認為仲裁仍應維持隱密性之特色，但可參考美國工程仲裁之立法例，任何在仲裁中有直接利益之人，有權參與仲裁程序，或借鏡日本建設業法之規定，經仲裁庭認為適當者，可允許旁聽。仲裁判斷應載明理由，讓仲裁判斷可受公評。面對複雜之工程爭議，得不適用衡平仲裁，強調依法仲裁，讓仲裁判斷依法具有可預測性，進而取得仲裁當事人之信服及信賴。台灣現行新仲裁機制，再略做修正，相信對於工程採購履約爭議之加速解決，應可發揮一定成效。

To avoid the compliance dispute cases of engineering procurement, due to lengthy court proceedings, induced public budget to economic activity, Public Construction Commission has promoted new arbitration mechanism since 2012. This paper will introduce the new arbitration mechanism, including arbitrator election, chief arbitrator jointly recommend, equity arbitration, open arbitration proceedings and awards, arbitration awards should contain facts and reasons, arbitration court can’t apply equity arbitration. Besides, it will explore the legal sources, US and Japan construction arbitration legislation. This paper will recommend some proper arbitration mechanism to accelerate the solution of compliance dispute and meet the international requirements. I would emphasis that the arbitration mechanism only maintain its impartiality, then it can be truly trusted and used. Carefully choosing the arbitrator is the key to success for arbitration. In addition to the arbitrator should have the professional capacity of legal qualifications, we can review the arbitrator’s impartiality by the case of arbitration proceeding and judgement as a reference to remove or keep in the list of Arbitrator Library. I still emphasis arbitration should maintain the characteristics of privacy, but it can reference the legislation of engineering arbitration of US. Any direct interests in the arbitration shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings or learn from Japan’s Construction Industry Act, the arbitral tribunal may allow observers if fit. Arbitration judgement shall state the reasons to be subject to public comment. Facing the complex engineering dispute, without being subject to equity arbitration, stress arbitration by law to be predictable, then it can obtain the parties’ convincing and trust. Finally，with slight amendment, I still emphasis the new Arbitration Mechanism in Taiwan shall have some effect to accelerate the solution of engineering procurement compliance dispute.