博物館展示手法與情境設計對觀眾參觀與記憶留存影響之研究

Exhibition Atmosphere Effect: A Study of Exhibition Technique's Impact on Visitor's Visit and Memory

科學博物館為非制式教育機構，具有實物物件、空間營造等多元展示手法，提供觀眾愉快的參觀學習經驗。常見的觀眾研究多從教育觀點探討當次參觀的學習成效，但若從展示規劃的角度，關注的是什麼樣的展示手法與情境設計能吸引觀眾參觀，實有別於教育人員觀點。當觀眾與展品產生互動後，是否能進一步促成較長效的學習，更是值得探究。本研究以國立科學工藝博物館「科學桂冠」廳為研究場域，進行問卷調查、觀察與訪談，探討展場氛圍感受、操作程度對學生觀眾學習的影響。從量化資料發現，展場氛圍感受確實可提高觀眾操作展品的意願，依學生的性別與年級別分析其對展場氛圍感覺、參觀意願皆有顯著的差異。從參觀後訪談資料分析顯示，學生觀眾在參觀該展示廳後一個月，對於展品的存留記憶因操作行為程度不同而有差異，操作程度高者，讓觀眾留存的印象比較清楚。

As an informal educational setting, science museum provides a variety of exhibition approaches such as real objects and scenario diorama. Accordingly, visitors usually have more cheerful learning experience in science museums. Most of visitor studies focused on visitors' learning outcomes from educational aspect. The exhibition designers focus on the exhibition design approaches rather than educator's prospect. It is most important for exhibition designers to find out what kind of exhibition atmosphere can attract visitors efficiently. Furthermore, the visitor's long-term impact of interactive experience to museum exhibition is also a valuable issue for investigation. This study surveyed audience's visiting long-term impact by questionnaires, following observing and interviews. The subjects of this study were the visitors who visited the “Science Laureate Gallery” where applying different types of exhibition techniques. By the quantitative analysis, the exhibition atmosphere could increase visitors visiting intentions. Visitors with different genders or different ages presented different feeling toward the exhibition atmosphere and different visiting intentions. By examining the qualitative data, this study found that visitors' long-term impact was different according to the different interaction with exhibits.