通向上帝的探問：以郎尼根思想為起點

Quest toward God—The Thoughts of Bernard Lonergan as starting point

科學家、哲學家與神學家看待現存宇宙背後的原因，常有不同的立場或層次。愛因斯坦曾感嘆：「這個宇宙最不可理解之事就在於它是可理解的」；哲學家瞭解到宇宙必須存在著唯一的完美存有才合於理性推論，但卻又陷入這個超越存有不能是有限的認識能力適當對象的弔詭之中；然而神學家則建議人可以在自我超越、對神的渴求以及與神對人的愛中達到對神無條件的肯定與接受。這些看似歧異的見解可視為人類追求真理的階段性發展。本文的主要目標即在於論證事物可理解性背後的基礎，試圖說明從形上學中的存有觀念可能可以過渡到神學中對上帝存在的肯定。論述從自然的探問，即以對探問本身的探問為起點，進而從理智上分析求知欲的對象到肯定超越實體的存在。最後本文建議在人類無盡的探問中，其目標就在於找到上帝；而人類可以在自我超越與愛中突破理智的極限而與無限美善的上帝相契合。

Scientists, philosophers and theologians often hold different positions about the cause behind the cosmos. Albert Einstein once said: “The most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible.” Though philosophers know that the only reasonable inference is that there is the one perfect being behind the cosmos, yet they are trapped in the paradox that this transcendental being can not be the right object for finite cognitive capacity. Nevertheless, theologians suggest that human beings could affirm and accept God unconditionally in their self-transcendence, their aspiration for God and God’s love for men. However, we can consider these seemingly opposed opinions to be the develop-ment of different stages during the process of human being’s pursuit of the truth. The main goal of this paper is to address the foundation of the intelligibility of things, trying to show that the idea of being in metaphysics could evolve into the affirmation of the existence of God in theology. This paper begins with a natural question, a question about questioning, analyzes rationally the subject of the desire to know, and then affirm the existence of tran-scendental being. Finally, it is suggested that the goal of human being’s endless quests is to find God; human can break through the limits of reason and be combined with God, the infinitely beautiful and good, in self-transcendence and love as well.