吳歷與清初中國天主教教會──以《續〈口鐸日抄〉》為中心

Wuli and the Chinese Catholics’Changes during Early Qing—A Case Study on Xu Kouduo Richao

清初中國天主教進入新的發展階段，逐漸由中心城市轉入鄉村以及邊遠地區，信徒主體亦由中上層士大夫轉向中下社會階層等等。如此諸多變化給清初天主教會帶來問題與挑戰。本文即以學者鮮所顧及之《續〈口鐸日抄〉》為例，分析中國籍耶穌會士吳歷交往網路以及該書中所體現清初天主教教會之種種問題。是故本文首先簡要分析《續〈口鐸日抄〉》基本內容以及吳歷之交往特點，然後分析清初中國天主教教會中的宗教生活及其問題。本文試圖指出隨著清初天主教之發展，天主教日益成為具有高度認同感之群體或社群（community），其與社會邊界（boundary）日益明顯。此於天主教自身發展雖有積極影響，卻亦帶來負面後果。

In the early Qing dynasty, Chinese Christianity steps into a new stage together with some new changes, such as switching from cities to countryside, the principal part of adherents also shifting from scholar-officials to common people. Such changes take problems and challenges to the churches. This will be illustrated by researching the rare book Xu Kouduo Richao, and analyzing the social network among Wu Li’s communications and the problems of rural churches during early Qing. Accordingly this paper firstly briefly introduces the main content of this book and the character of Wu Li’s communications. Then it will research the religious lives and their problems among the churches. This paper tries to conclude that with the development of Chinese Christianity during early Qing, it is shaped into some communities which have deep identities and their boundaries to the secular society become clearer. This takes both positive and negative effects to the churches.