靈明堂與巴布派的歷史接觸之初探

A Probe to the Possibility of the Historical Contact between Ling Ming Tang and Bab Sect

本文在大量田野調查資料基礎上，同時參照手抄的歷史資料和中外學術著作史料，分析探討中國甘肅省蘭州的伊斯蘭教神秘主義蘇非派靈明堂，與伊朗伊斯蘭教什葉派中的巴布派的歷史聯繫之可能性。筆者認為，從靈明堂老人的回憶及前輩所傳的口碑資料、私人筆記、巴布派的繼承者──巴哈伊信仰的歷史記載和傳教路線的事實來看，靈明堂在十九世紀末和二十世紀初的時期，藉由古代絲綢之路的交通路線與伊朗的巴布派之思想觀念發生接觸；由此，伊朗巴布派的宗教思想對靈明堂的伊斯蘭教蘇非神秘主義教義發生了影響。文章最末亦揭示中國伊斯蘭教思想來源的複雜性和多元性，從而導致中國伊斯蘭教蘇非派別的不斷產生和演變。

This paper on the basis of the adequate historical materials investigated by the author in his fieldwork, meanwhile referring to the hand-copied historical manuscripts and the historical information selected from the academic works both in Mainland China and in the Western countries, analyzes and explores the possibility of the historical contact between an Islamic Sufi mysticism order Ling Ming Tang in Lanzhou of Gansu Province, China and the Bab Sect in the Iranian Islamic Shi'ism. According to the author's opinion, Ling Ming Tang had encountered with the Bab Sect in Iran along the Silk Road, the ancient trade line in the period of the late 19th century to the early 20th century if we view the memorials of the elders from Ling Ming Tang, the citations passed from the Sufi followers in the precedent generations, the private notebooks, the historical recordings left by the Bahai Faith, the successors of the Bab Sect and other factors such as the missionary route through which the Bahai Faith ideas entered into Northwest China. All these have witnessed that the religious concepts of the Bab Sect in Iran impacted upon the Islamic mystical doctrine of the Sufi order Ling Ming Tang. Finally, the paper indicates the complexity and the plurality in the idea resources of Islam in China, which lead to the constant development and division among the Sufi orders of China's Islam.