汽車底盤技術發展趨勢分析與研究

Developing Trend Analysis and Research on Car Chassis Technology

汽車底盤在一部車上扮演著實現駕駛安全性、舒適性和動力學性能的重要角色。最近 20幾年中，底盤技術發展迅速，特別是在車用電子裝置方面的發展更加快速，車上的電子調節系統如：主動系統、駕駛輔助系統、車聯網技術等，也能透過底盤的集合成為一個整體。本研究主要係針對台灣地區汽車底盤技術進行研究與分析，並探討未來汽車底盤技術的應用與發展趨勢。研究結果顯示這些車輛中，前橋的結構明顯的集中在三種類型上，即多桿式、雙橫臂式和麥佛遜式車橋。後橋的需求表現與前橋不同，在價格較經濟的自用車上，半整體連接桿式車橋的應用較為廣泛，縱臂式車橋也小範圍的被應用在 SUV 和 MPV 車型上。在高級車和豪華型轎車上則更多採用了獨立懸吊多連桿式後橋。至於造價較高的雙橫臂後橋，則大部份匹配在高級跑車和部份的高級 SUV 車款上。在車輛多元化以及快速的市場發展情況下，新車型開發對底盤設計的要求也將更具有挑戰性。為迎合未來底盤的發展趨勢，新的底盤必須在基礎的結構上，具備繼續發展多種變形的衍生結構，且在較短的時間內儘可能減少改變和減少引入新零件的開發，以降低成本、提升競爭力。

The chassis plays a pivotal role in ensuring the overall driving safety, ride comfort, and dynamics of automobiles. In the past 20 years, chassis technology has developed rapidly, particularly in the context of automotive electronic devices. Numerous electronic control systems, including active systems, driver assistance systems, and car networking technology, have been integrated with the chassis. This paper analyzes the chassis technology of automobiles in Taiwan and explores its application and future development trends. The results showed that the structure of front axles can mostly be categorized into three types: multilink, double-wishbone, and McPherson. The performance demand of rear axles is different from that of front axles. Regarding the structure of rear axles, semi-rigid suspension is widely used in economy cars, and trailing-arm suspension is used in a small fraction of SUV and MPV models. In luxury cars or sedans, an independent multilink axle is widely used as the rear suspension, whereas the costly double-wishbone rear suspension is exclusively applied in luxury supercars and a small fraction of luxury SUVs. The diversified and rapid growth of the automobile market will usher in more challenges in chassis design. To meet future trends, various derivative structures for new-generation chassis should be developed on the basis of the fundamental design. In addition, competitiveness can be enhanced through the reduction and control of the cost incurred in changing and developing new automobile parts.