鬼祟之因與治鬼之術──以唐人小說所記載之鬼祟故事為探討中心

A Study of the cause of evil spirits and the exorcism － on the subject of the Tang novels' ghostly stories

本文透過整理與分析唐人小說中有關鬼祟故事之記載，來探究鬼祟之因與治鬼之術，及鬼祟與疾病之關係，藉此窺探唐人鬼神觀之某一側面。
首先，分項說明鬼神作祟之原因，主要包含：媚惑、復仇、求祭享、爭宅、求葬等，並從中分析此種作祟心態的背後原因，藉此綜觀唐代世人觀念中的鬼神認知與思維。其次，聚焦於唐人所採取的道、佛兩教之符、咒、設壇作法、撫慰，以及儒教之理性、節操等治鬼及退鬼之術，檢視唐人各種治鬼之術的成效與意義，突顯三教文化在唐代社會中面對鬼祟之際的對應方式與情形。最後則指出，鬼祟與疾病相關連之傳統疾病觀，在唐人小說鬼祟故事中的呈現，藉此闡明此種觀念，在唐代當時乃為民眾之普遍認知的事實。

Through arrangement and analysis of the ghostly stories which are recorded on the Tang novels, it could investigate the cause of evil spirits and the exorcism by which we could understand the Tang people's aspect of deity and ghost. At first, classifying the reason of evil spirit's behavior; it includes bewitchment, revenge, worship, pillage, and demand for burial that we could take a broad view of Tang people's cognition and thinking for deity and ghost by analysis of those evil thought. Second, I focus on exorcism that Tang people use the incantation of Daoism and Buddhism, resort the magic arts by erecting an altar to console the spirit and respect the Confucianism's morality and conduct to look into the effects and the meaning of each kind of exorcism, that reveals that Daoism, Buddhism and Confucianism affect the way to deal with evil spirit and the situation by facing the ghost in Tang's society. In the end, it indicates the traditional aspect of disease which connects the ghost is the general cognition to people in the Tang Dynasty by the Tang novels' ghostly stories.