中國僧傳對傳統史傳敘事方法的運用──以《宋高僧傳》為例

Applications of the narrative methods in traditional historicalbiographies to Chinese Buddhist monk's biographies – Basedon “Song Gaoseng Zhuan” as a core text

中國僧傳的敘事源流，融合了佛陀修行成道歷程的情節和中國史傳傳統的敘事方法，加上高僧的生命特質，形成其獨特的書寫模式。僧傳體製的敘事方式、語言和觀點，乃至僧史家以史為鑑的撰作態度，都受到中國固有史傳傳統的啟發，歷代僧傳作者也以承繼中國史家精神自期。然而，前人的研究往往忽略了僧傳敘事方法及其對傳統史傳筆法的挪用問題。因此，本文以《宋高僧傳》為例，從其受到中國傳統史傳敘事方法和史學精神影響的這一個面向，分析其對史傳敘事筆法的運用，以及教化警策精神的繼承，藉以對《宋高僧傳》的史傳建構意義和存在價值，以及贊寧的僧史觀有更深入的理解。

The origin and development of narratives for Chinese Buddhist Monk's biographies, have integrated the progress of the Buddha's practice as well as the traditional narrative methods of the Chinese historic biography, combining with the eminent monk's distinguishing characteristics to become a unique writing style. The narrative methods, languages and viewpoints of the Buddhist monk's biography writing style, or even the writing attitude that Buddhist historian monk's towards history, are all inspired by the Chinese traditional historical biography. The authors of Buddhist monk's biographies of all the past dynasties were also expected to carry on such Chinese historian's spirits on oneself. However, the research from the predecessors quite often only looked into how eminent monk followed the example of Buddha's course of living, and yet ignored the narrative methods and the traditional historic biography writing methods about the Buddhist monk's biographies. Therefore, this article is taking ”Song Gaoseng Zhuan” as the core idea, from the aspect of how Buddhist monk's biographies were influenced by the narrative writing methods in Chinese traditional historic biography and the historiography; furthermore, to analyze how it was applied to the historic biography narrative writing style and how it carried on the spirit of persuasion and caution. It is hoping to understand the meaning and establishment of historic biography as well as the value of existence in “Song Gaoseng Zhuan”, and the Buddhist monk's historical interpretation by Zanning in depth.