明代學者〈秦風•蒹葭〉詮釋析論──明代詩經學史研究的進一步探討

The “Jianxia” of the “Qingfeng”：Its Interpretation in the Ming Dynasty

此文經由歸納統計明代學者詮釋《詩經．秦風．蒹葭》詩旨的表現，以觀察明代詩經學的發展變化。經由搜尋詩經學相關論著，共得68位作者67條詮解〈蒹葭〉的資料。內容大致不離「漢唐詩學解說系統」及「宋代詩學解說系統」兩大範圍，漢學者主要從政治參與的公共性角度詮解發揮；宋學者則以個人情緒表達的私人性角度詮釋發揮。確知籍貫的66位作者來自浙江、江蘇、江西、福建、湖北、安徽、河北、山西、湖南、山東、廣東、四川等省，以浙江、江蘇、江西最多。知其生存年代的67位作者，主要出生於嘉靖後期、隆慶、萬曆前期，出生於萬曆朝以後者有35人，佔全部作者五成以上。學派尚屬「漢學」者有19人19條資料，屬「宋學」者有46人48條，並列兩派解說者有3人6條資料。綜合而言，《詩集傳》在明朝雖有變化但不大；《毛詩注疏》則正德後始被注意，就漢學在明代發展而言，後期較前期興盛，但不能與《詩集傳》相比。漢學派因受周秦漢儒家「賢德優於血緣」政治理想之影響，以《詩經》為具有糾正引導統治者倫理與政治行為上功能的諫書，以推崇「忠臣孝子」與儆戒「危亡失道」為詮釋方向。宋學派處於「血緣優於賢德」的時代，《詩經》諫書功能已弱，讀者數量增加、範圍擴大，詮解因而轉向多元多樣的私人性內容。此文經由閱讀、篩選、整理、歸納、統計與分析，提供詩經學研究者可信的成果，有助於對明代詩經學史進一步的了解，對詩經學相關研究者，也具有實質的參考價值。

Intended as a discussion of the Ming interpretation of the “Jianxia” of the “Qingfeng” in the Shijing (Poetry Classic), the present paper observes Shijing study had been developed by some 68 scholars from the southern part of the Yangtze River in the Ming. Most of those scholars belong to their respective schools, with 19 pertain to the Han School, 46 interested in Song scholarship, and 3 intrigued in both the Han and Song interpretation. The result of these scholars' research goes as follows: People who were interested in the Song interpretation of Shijing did not make great changes of Ming academic interests, though Han-school interpreters of the Shijing began to attract more followers in this period. The Mao Shi zhushu increased more readership after the Zhende reign, though it could hardly surpass such Song efforts as Zhu Xi's Shijizhuan. The Han School admired “national loyalists and filial sons” and emphasized examples of failed kings and emperors. The Song School explicated the Shijing from individualistic perspectives, presenting a method with great diversity. The present paper closes with an observation that reliable reading of the Shijing is, indeed, helpful in our understanding of the classic.