加重詐欺罪之解釋與適用

The Interpretation and Application of “Aggravated False Pretense”

詐欺罪乃人類財產犯罪的基本型態，刑法上向來不欠缺對於詐欺行為之處罰。然而，近年來，電話或電信詐欺之猖獗，數量之多，甚至輸出國外，民眾稍不留意，即造成大筆金錢之損害。為了避免臺灣成為詐騙集團的輸出國，近年來，立法院對於詐欺罪相關規定之修法，不遺餘力。民國103年修正刑法時，在刑法詐欺罪之後，另外增加刑法第339條之4「加重詐欺罪」的行為態樣，法定刑度為1年以上7年以下有期徒刑，得併科一百萬元以下罰金。民國105年年4月，臺灣一批詐騙集團犯罪人在肯亞被逮捕，接著被遣送到中國接受審判，引發臺灣民眾關注。立法委員為了宣示臺灣法院對這批海外犯罪的臺灣人擁有司法審判的管轄權，於同年11月30日修正刑法第5條，增訂第11款事由，凡在中華民國領域外犯刑法第339條之4加重詐欺罪者，適用我國刑法。目前學說文獻上對本罪之適用問題，著墨甚少，故本文針對加重詐欺罪所可能涉及之各種問題，先從刑法條文解釋之各種問題進行研究，再論述競合與管轄問題。

The offense of false pretense is the basic pattern of human property crimes, and there is no lack of penalties for false pretenses in criminal law. In recent years, however, telephone or telecom scams have become more and more serious, which are even exported abroad. It easily gave rise to loss of large sums of money if the victims are unguarded. In recent years, legislators have spared no effort to amend the provisions on false pretense to prevent Taiwan from becoming an exporter of fraudulent groups. When the Criminal Code was amended in 2014, after the provisions about the offense of false pretense, a behavior pattern of 'aggravated false pretense' in Article 339-4 of the Criminal Code was added. Those who were sentenced to more than one year or less than seven years of imprisonment, and they would be penalized by fines of less than one million. In April 2015, Taiwan's fraudulent groups were arrested in Kenya and then sent to China for trial, which attracted public attention in Taiwan. In order to declare that Taiwan's court has jurisdiction over the trial of Taiwanese who have committed crimes abroad, legislators have amended Article 5 of the Criminal Code on November 30 of the same year. Whoever commits the offense of 'aggravated false pretense' in Article 339-4 of the Criminal Code in the territory of the Republic of China could be applicable to the Taiwan Criminal Code. At present, there are few interpretation and application of Article 339-4 of the Criminal Code, so this paper will research and discuss the various questions that may be involved in this provision.