論蘇軾記夢詩之時空背景與創作特色

An Analysis of the Background for Describing Dream Poem Written by Su Shi and Feature of Composition

「夢」是人類特殊的精神活動，也是一種虛幻、神秘的體驗感受，因此古人往往對夢境抱持著敬畏與好奇之心，亟欲一探究竟。宋代以前，已出現許多記夢、釋夢、論夢、寫夢或是提到有關夢的文學作品；迄至宋代，文人的記夢之作更為常見，如梅堯臣、歐陽脩、王安石、蘇軾和陸游等人皆有記夢作品傳世，且各有其記錄夢境的風格和習慣。所謂「記夢詩」，一般狹義是指「記錄夢境內容的詩歌」，亦即人們作夢醒覺後，進而記錄或創作的詩歌，才屬於「記夢詩」的範疇。而蘇軾的記夢詩類型頗多，又大半創作於貶謫時期，所以記夢詩的時地和內容無不透顯著他的心境，或藉以抒懷，或表以記趣，或視夢境為創作靈感等，皆可看出蘇軾對其夢境的重視，故筆者試以蘇軾的記夢詩為題，希望藉此觀察其創作的時空背景和書寫特色。不過，蘇軾也曾有因為聽聞他人之夢而起意作詩的情形出現，這類詩作與記夢同樣密切相關，故本文所論不只包括蘇軾記自身的夢，亦涵蓋記他人之夢，以求論述更加具體、完整。

Dream' was a human being's specific mental activity and it was also a kind of illusory and mysterious feeling. Thus, the ancients more often than not wanted to explore the dream in awe and curiosity. Before Song dynasty, a number of literature related to dream had appeared and its content included record, explanation, discussion, description or other types of skill in writing poem. Until Song dynasty, the works about describing dream written by the literati, such as Mei Yaochen, Ouyan Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, and Lu You were more common. All of their works, written in different style, were handed down for generations. 'Describing dream poem' meant that the poem was used to record the content of the dream. That was to say, the poem people recorded or composed after dreaming were in the range of the describing dream poem. There were several types of Su Shi's describing dream poem, most of which were written during his relegation period. Therefore, the setting and the content in his poems released his mind. Su Shi valued poem a lot since he sometimes would use poem to express his emotion, record the pleasure of ordinary life or see them as his inspiration. So, the author tried to take Su Shi's describing dream poem as the theme, hoping to deeply research the background for the creation of poems and feature of writing. However, Su Shi had written poems to describe others' dream. This kind of poem was closely connected with describing dream poem. Consequently, the paper mentioned that Su Shi wrote not only his dream but other people's in order to describe more concretely and more completely.