性別、變裝與英雄夢──從明清女詩人的寫作傳統看秋瑾詩詞中的自我表述

Gender, Cross Dressing, and Hero-Dreamon Qiu Jin the Poetess' self Evaluation in View of the Poetess Writing Styles in Ming and Qing Dynasties

歷來對秋瑾的論述，大都以秋瑾在清末之革命事業與婦女運動為主，於其詩文之專題研究較少，即使有所述及，亦多以為其革命與婦運事業之註腳，而忽略了秋瑾作為一個女詩人，在明清以來閨閣寫作傳統中的特殊地位。本文一則嘗試將秋瑾與明清女詩人並置，探討自明清以來迄乎秋瑾，女詩人作家在個人遭遇與家國憂思中，其性別意識之浮現與提昇，以及在功名事業與英雄夢的企盼中，如何「變裝」與「發聲」；再則，將秋瑾放回晚清革命與婦運的歷史情境中，觀察秋瑾如何從傳統性別與閨閣寫作的情境與束縛中，脫繭而出，用她的生命去衝撞二千年來父權社會的價值觀，而啟發與樹立了廿世紀以來，中國女性在國族、性別、權力與階級等歷史縱橫詭譎中的出路與典範。──如此，不但為秋瑾詩詞中強烈的性別意識與自我表述，找到書寫的歷史源頭；同時也可以對明清以來閨閣詩人的寫作傳統，作一個縱向的小結。

Researches on Qiu Jin were mainly focussed on her revolutional role and sport activities in late Ching Dynasty. They paid little attention on Qiu Jin's literary position in the Ching Dynasty. This paper attempts to explore her gender awareness and concern of the future of the country in her poems. Then,we shall look into her cross dressing and her voice in revolution. By placing Qiu Jin on the scene of revolution and female sports in late Ching Dynasty, we can see how Qiu Jin escaped the conventional female role in the male dorminating society. She has served an excellent model for Chinese women in establishing their own role in the society.