以《周禮》論青銅「旅」器

Using Zhou Li to Discuss Bronze Wares Bearing “Lü”

兩周時期的青銅器自名為「旅」者為數不少，而「旅」究竟應如何訓解，一直眾說紛紜。《爾雅．釋詁》曰：「旅，陳也。」徐同柏釋「旅」為陳設之意，雖此說法未得共識，然透過《周禮》的經文可知徐氏說法有可從之理由。根據《周禮》的記載，周人在祭祀、饗食、賓客，或是進行喪禮儀式時均有陳設器物的習慣，此種習慣的紀錄可與青銅器銘文相比對，藉以證明「旅」器乃指有陳設功用之器。本文將青銅器銘文分門別類，先突顯「旅」器的功用，再比對《周禮》的經文，找出兩種語料重疊的部分，推論出「旅」的訓詁方向。最後，再佐以《儀禮》及更多他類文獻來支持此項推論。

Although many bronze ware artifacts of the Zhou Dynasty are refered as to themselves as “lü”, there has never been consensus among experts as to how “lü” should be interpreted. The “Shigu” chapter of Erya says, “lü means chen”. Xu Tongbo, following Erya's lead, suggests that “lü” means “to display”. Despite the fact that Xu's interpretation has yet to be widely accepted, we find the text of Zhou Li provides sound supports to his idea.According to the accounts of Zhou Li, when citizens of Zhou would worship, sacrifice, entertain guests, or hold funerals, they would prepare bronze ware vessels for display; thus, it is reasonable to assume that “lü” could refer to their function, and mean “for display purposes”.This paper surveys bronze ware inscriptions that bear “lü”, then discusses the uses of those wares. It then reads several overlapping texts of Zhou Li to explain the ancient term “lü”. The study also refers to Yi Li and a few other evidences tosupport the argument.