袁枚趙翼蔣士銓三家同題詩比較研究

A Study of the Same-titled Poems by Yuan Mei, Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan

魏晉以來文人，同題之作頗多，如曹魏鄴下文人集團所作〈短歌行〉、〈燕歌行〉，東晉謝氏家族〈燕歌行〉、〈猛虎行〉等詩作。不過前人同題詩，或唱和、或比較作品高低、或擬作，有不同性質。至於本文乾隆三大家：袁枚、趙翼、蔣士銓，在古典詩上都有很高的成就，詩論也都以性靈、性情為本。不過，三人同題唱和作品，在表現技巧，詩材的選取，詩體的選擇，語句的變化，情感的抒發等等，亦皆有別。三人作品雖未必同一時間、同一地點所作，然而詩歌往返，其不同風格，仍隱然可見。本文專就三人同題詩不同風格、作一分析比較研究。依其詩篇分成酬酢、詠物、寫景、詠史四類說明。就形式言，三家同題詩，有些詩體形式同，大部分的詩，形式不同。又三家同題詩，取義觀點不同，影響內容不同。大體上說，袁枚詩偏向文學家風味，就其生平出處點染，對子女教育、生死思想開通。趙翼詩則能衡量古今史事變化，雜以個人見解。蔣士銓詩頗端莊，以忠孝為本，用字較為典雅。

Ever since the Wei-Jin period, the same-titled poems have abounded, such as “yang-ge-xing”燕歌行 or ”duan-ge-xing”短歌行. However, the early poets use the same-titled poems to reply to or to compete with each other, sometimes to emulate other poets. The three poets discussed here, though they hold similar literary opinions, their presentation of the same-titles are quite varied, no matter in technique, in materials o rhyme patterns selected, or in the wording and syntax. In other words, the poems by them turn out to be poems with different styles. Those of Yuan Mei tended more towards style of man of letters, concerned with daily life minutiae; those of Zhao Yi concern more with the significance of historical events; and those of Jiang Shiquan of moral issues.