墨子的施教與影響析論

On the Educational Teachings of Mo Tzu and Their Influence

墨子是春秋戰國時代和孔子齊名的偉大思想家與教育家。他的教育理念 乃以天志為法，目的在培養學生敬天、愛人、節用的情操。墨子有教無類， 並且依照學生的個人特質以「談辯」、「說書」、「從事」三科施教，並以 發展潛能、改善社會為施教之標的。墨子為了行道立法儀，講求科學精神， 影響所及，墨門特重求知方法、實驗應用，並注重溝通與表達。此外，墨子 以獎、懲並行來規範學生的行為，也以無比的愛心輔導學生。墨門弟子在墨子的教育下，由於受到墨子㆟格精神的感召，表現出為義天下、犧牲小我的 可貴行為，真正將㆟類生命乃為創造宇宙繼起之生命之意義發揚出來。部分弟子傳承墨子注重邏輯、推理論証的思想，因應時勢轉變為論理名家。墨學 雖然在秦、漢之後驟然消失，但墨子施教的方法，相信仍有足以讓現代教育 取法之處。

The educational ideas of Mo Tzu are directed toward modeling The Will of Heaven, with an aim to training students the attitude of respecting tian (heaven), loving people, and frugality. According to different predilections of students, he designed three subjects of dialectics, pedagogy, practice, so as to develop the potentiality of the students and improve the society. Mo Tzu sets up the criteria and puts great emphasis on the scientific methodology. In his educational teachings, Mo Tzu encourages and punishes students at the same time, all with a caring love. Under such influence, the students of Mo Tzu put these into practice and devoted themselves to the great cause of the society and humankind by sacrificing personal benefits. Some of Mo Tzu’s disciples inherited his dialectics and became great polemicists. Due to the political circumstances, the teachings of Mo Tzu gradually faded into background; however, his ideas of education have survived and passed down to later generations for people to learn and exert great influence.