青少年對父職與母職的行為認知

Adolescents' Perceptions of Paternal and Maternal Behaviors: An Exploratory Study

本研究旨在瞭解青少年對父職母職行為的認知現況。研究採取問卷調查 法，使用 Fine et al., (1985) 親子關係問卷。採取 291 位台灣北部的青少年及 231 位美國東北部的青少年作為樣本，進行兩個不同文化地區的青少年對父職 與母職行為認知的研究。主要研究結果如下：一、父親行為與青少年關係總值數據因國籍不同有顯著關係﹔母親行為與青少年關係總值數據則不因國籍或性別產生顯著 二、台灣北部男性青少年的樣本與美國東北部男性青少年的樣本對四項父職行為有顯著性的認知差異，台灣北部男性青少年除了對父親的怒氣構 面，在正面情感表達溝通與父親參與的認知上均低於美國男性青少年的 評估。三、美國的女性青少年較台灣的女性青少年在正面情感表達與溝通兩項父職 行為具有顯著性的認知差異。四、針對母職行為認知評估，美國的男性與女性青少年對母親正面情感表達 與溝通，比台灣的男女青少年有正面的認知評估﹒此差異達到顯著效 果。最後，依據上述結論, 研究者提出具體建議，作為父母親、家庭生活教育 師、社會相關單位及未來研究之參考。

The current study investigated adolescents’ perception of paternal and maternal behaviors in two cultures. Participants included 291 adolescents in the Northern part of Taiwan and 231 adolescents in the middle Atlantic region of theU.S. The Parent-Child Relationships Survey was administered. Results from two-factor analysis of variance indicated that the total score of father-child relationship showed significant differences by adolescents’ country of origin whereas the total score of mother-child relationships was not significant. However, perceived fathering behaviors were significantly different among male adolescents across four domains of paternal roles in these two cultures compared to two domains by female adolescents. When examining four domains of mothering, the results showed that both positive affection shown by mothers and communication reached significant levels perceived by male and female adolescents. Limitations of this study and some implications for family life educators were provided.