幼兒色彩偏好與氣質之研究

Young Children's Color Preference and Temperament

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒的色彩偏好與幼兒氣質之現況，並檢測幼兒年齡、 性別與此二者的關係。以 241 位台北縣市公私立幼稚園的四歲和五歲幼兒為 對象。請家長填寫修訂的幼兒氣質量表，並使用日本色研表色系統的紅、 橙、黃、綠、藍、紫、黑、灰、白九色色票卡，一對一訪談幼兒的顏色喜 好。結果發現：（一）四歲和五歲組受試幼兒的氣質表現沒有顯著差異，但男生 比女生活動量大、規律性低、反應強度低、情緒本質正向、堅持性低、分神 度低、反應閥高。（三）95%受試幼兒偏好有彩色。（四）26.6%受試幼兒偏好某 特定顏色。（五）幼兒偏好色彩依序為紅＞黃＞藍＝紫＞橙＞綠＞黑＞白＝灰， 女生多喜歡紅色，而男生多喜歡藍色。（六）幼兒色彩知覺的描述可分為三類：如具體物件、如抽象表徵，或聯想如某情境。在幼兒色彩偏好與其氣質之關 聯上發現：（一）偏好有彩色的男生比偏好無彩色者，反應閥較高﹔偏好有彩色 的女生比偏好無彩色者，情緒本質較正向、反應強度較小；（二）有固定色彩偏 好的男生比無固定色彩偏好者，反應強度較小；（三）喜歡黃色的男生，堅持性 較低；喜歡藍色的男生，反應閥較高；喜歡紅色的男生反應閥較低；（四）喜歡 藍色、黃色的女生，情緒本質較正向；喜歡紫色、紅色的女生，情緒本質較 負向。

This study was to understand the current status and relations between young children’s temperaments and color preferences, and to examine the differences of age and gender in young children’s color preference and temperament. There were 241 young children aged 4~5 from one private and four public kindergartens in Taipei city and county areas. By using the revised Behavioral Style Questionnaire and nine color cards of Japanese practical color coordinate system (PCCS), parents filled in the scales and young children went through one-on-one interviews respectively. The results showed as follows. (1) No significant difference exists between subjects and norms in temperamental expressions; (2) For all subject, there was no significant difference among their temperament expressions. However, there was gender difference between boys and girls. Boys tended to have higher activity level, lower regularity, lower intensity of reaction, higher positive quality of mood, lower persistence, lesser distractibility, and higher threshold of responsiveness thangirls; (3) Among all 241 subjects, 229 (95％)had chromatic color preference; (4)Only 64 young children (26.6%) expressed their preference to specific colors; (5) Colors most favored by young children’s color favor were red, yellow, purple, blue, orange, green, black, white, and gray in order. Most girls liked red, and boys liked blue. The comparison between age groups was found that 4 year olds liked the three primary colors (red, yellow and blue), and 5 year olds most liked the intermediate colors (orange, green and purple); (6) Young children’s perceptions of color may be roughly divided into three categories: concrete objects, abstract representations, and association of situation. Moreover, the relations between color preferences and temperaments were found: (1) Boys with chromatic color preferences had a higher threshold of responsiveness, however girls had higher positive quality of mood and lower intensity of reaction; (2) Boys with fixed/specific color preference had lower intensity of reaction; (3) Boys with yellow color preference had lower persistence. Contrasting to boys with a blue color preference, those with red color preference had lower threshold of responsiveness; (4) Girls who like blue and yellow, showed higher positive quality of mood. Girls who like purple and red, showed higher negative quality of mood. Finally, the study suggests that future follow-up researches may focus on the investigation of older children, and expand the scope to include exploration on the achromatic color preference, and the correlation between chromatic color preferences and emotions.