謝靈運在佛法上之建樹及其山水詩的禪意理趣

Xie Lingyun’s Contribution to Buddhism and the Zen Content in His Landscape Poems

作為山水詩派開山祖師之謝靈運(385～433)，生當晉宋之際，斯時正是佛教昌盛之階段，佛教哲學已為當代士大夫們所接受，謝靈運本人，不僅毫不例外，更與佛教有著特別之關係，論其人，是「篤好佛理」，是當代八百許「清信檀越」之領袖人物，其創作之山水詩，更是「合《詩》、《易》、聃、周、《騷》、〈辯〉、仙、釋以成之」（黃節《謝康樂詩注》〈序〉）。本文特先探討謝靈運與佛學之關係如何，並再探討靈運與當代高僧交往之情形，另敘述其宏揚佛法之功績。接著再探討靈運之佛學成就，以肯定其在佛法上之建樹。最後則探討本文之另一重心，即靈運山水詩中的禪意理趣為何？以所作之山水詩為例，多方探討其詩中之佛經典故、佛家慣用之詞語、滲入佛學之藝術表現特徵等，而證其山水詩，確有其禪意理趣後作結。

Xie Lingyun (謝靈運, 385-433), the founder of landscape poetry, was a devout believer in Buddhism. This paper begins with a discussion of his conversion from Daoism to Buddhism. Then, his contributions to the promotion of Buddhist concepts are discussed, followed by his academic attainment in the research of Buddhist theories. Another focus of this paper is Zen concepts in Xie’s landscape poems, as manifested in Buddhist allusions, idioms, artistic touches, patterns of structure, etc. With extensive referencing of the Complete Collection of Buddhist Canons, this paper arrives at the conclusion that the Zen element in Xie’s landscape poems originates from the theory and experience of “Prajna.”