被害影響陳述與被害人登記制度之國外經驗評析

A Review and Evaluation of Victim Impact Statement (VIS) and Victim Notification System (VNS): Lessons from Abroad

一個國家的刑事司法制度如何在刑事訴訟過程中以更加合理、尊重的角度回應犯罪被害人，不僅是重要的人權議題，亦是司法改革的重要目標之一。歐美許多國家均根據聯合國於 1985 年公布之犯罪與權力濫用被害人基本正義原則宣言第六項，逐步落實犯罪被害人的資訊權與參與權，具體的措施即為推動被害人登記制度與被害影響陳述。上述制度的主要目的在以立法、政策和實務措施回應犯罪被害人的基本需求，揭示國家重視被害人心目中正義的實現。本文從上述兩項制度背後的理論與實證基礎談起，回顧具有代表性的司法制度在實施被害人登記與被害影響陳述的歷程中，有何成效與挑戰。透過文獻探討，本文歸結上述的制度必須建立在國家將犯罪被害人置於刑事司法核心地位的政策之上，輔以在不同的刑事司法機構與不同刑事司法階段均建置被害人服務的窗口，並整合犯罪被害人的支持、服務、補償以及修復式司法等措施，才能真正朝向實現被害人正義的目標邁進。

Working towards a more reasonable and respectful way of responding victims of crime in the criminal justice system is not merely about safeguarding human right but also putting judicial reform into practice. In many European and American governments, the implementation of victim impact statement (VIS) and victim notification system (VNS), based upon the sixth principle in the United Nations Declaration of Basic Principle of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, aims to answer to a call for victim's right for information and participation during criminal justice procedure. Above reforms declare State determination on upgrading victim justice through legislation, policy and practice which focus on the needs of crime victims. This paper begins with the theoretical backgrounds and empirical evidences of VIS and VNS, and goes on to review the achievements and challenges of VIS and VNS development in representative countries. Through reviewing the literature, this current article concludes that the premier of VIS and VNS is the overt policy of centering victims of crime in the criminal justice system. Victim-centered policy should be supplemented by victim services in every criminal justice institution during different criminal justice procedure. In addition, both VIS and VNS ought to be integrated into a comprehensive system which includes victim support, service, compensation, and restorative measures in order to creating a new meaning of victim's justice.