跨國犯罪研究與測量上的難題

The Difficulties in Researching and Measuring Transnational Crime

在全球化效應的影響下，不僅促進了人員、貨物、服務和影像跨越國界流動，同時也為犯罪的發生製造了新機會，使得犯罪不再只是在地問題，愈來愈趨於跨國化。雖然跨國犯罪隨全球化現象而日益複雜，惟犯罪學界尚未累積足夠的研究文獻，以致對跨國犯罪仍有許多不瞭解，亟待學界努力。本文目的，在於探討研究跨國犯罪時所遭遇的難題，作者先針對過去運用在跨國犯罪的研究方法進行批判性觀察，然後揭示此領域新興研究方法的發展脈絡及展望。本文在結構上，先論述犯罪學家所建構的犯罪傳統測量方法，以及這些方法用於測量跨國犯罪時的問題，繼而介紹針對跨國犯罪較理想的複合性分析方法。最後，列舉跨國犯罪測量與分析的精進途徑，並以資料蒐集與分析的政治意涵作為結論。

Under the impact of globalization, not only the flow of people, goods, services and images across national borders has been increased, but the new opportunities be created for crimes. Crime is not just the local problem, rather than being more transnational. Although transnational crimes become sophisticated in accordance with globalization, the research concerning transnational crime is still not enough to make academic community realize those relevant phenomena. The purpose of this article is to explore the difficulties while conducting research on transnational crime. First of all, the author takes a critical view at the research methods used in transnational crime research, but also has a positive outlook on how new methods are being developed in this field. Accordingly, this article first outlines crime measurement as developed by traditional criminologists and how it does or does not work in providing adequate measures for transnational crime. Then, it describes some of the functional composite analysis available for transnational crime. Finally, this article ends by introducing recent advances in knowledge in the field of measurement and analytical methods for transnational crime. The political metaphor of the data and methods used in transnational crime research is acknowledged in conclusion.