晚明公案小說集中清官形象形構之對蹠筆法所映現社會意識

The Social Consciousness in the Late Ming Dynasty Detective Stories Manifests in the Antipodal Way of Writing toward the Image of Upright Officials

清官為循吏的理想化範型，為大、小傳統溝通與交融的重要界面，因此清官形象的變化，不僅代表著大傳統向小傳統傳遞的價值，更是反映小傳統對於循吏的期待。特別是在晚明公案小說集在普及律法知識與律法完備的背景下，對於清官形象的形塑更具意義。本文擬由其形象的建構方法，理解晚明公案小說集中組構清官面目的基礎，更由清官面貌呈現出的特徵，理解晚明對於權力形象特徵──對蹠性。從映照廉貪性格、跨越陰陽領域到辨分真假身份，彰顯了晚明清官形象的矛盾與映現現實的衝突，從論文討論可以理解清官形象期待與現實的反差，映現了晚明社會對清官的期待。
由今觀之，《重回沙河》不僅仍多以「獨白」書寫；而且七等生對「生活世界」深刻的知覺、體悟，在札記敘事中處處可見。因此，從整個寫作生涯來看，七等生於1980年的寫作「轉折點」，與其說是「寫作瓶頸」，不如說是重新知覺、斟酌其寫作目的的契機。因此，本文將擇其攝影作品及其相應的札記敘事做分析，驗證《重回沙河》中所知覺的「生活世界」敘事、反省。
最後，本文將此「生活世界」歸於「鄉土」意象來理解，指出其批判、近似於波特萊爾「變化無常、轉瞬即逝」的現代況味。其次，將之置回狂飆的1980年代來看，七等生《重回沙河》的「鄉土」早已萌發其社會體驗與寫實關懷。

The collection of court-case novels in Ming Dynasty occupies a crucial and key position in the development of honest and upright official culture and by delving into the construction method for the image of honest and upright official, the interaction between subject matter and culture psychology can be interpreted and the pattern of constructing the honest and upright official image can be discovered; if any attention is paid to the name and deeds of the honest and upright official in honest and upright official culture, it can be perceived that except for the particular emphasis in book name or article name, the reader's impression on the official's brilliant deeds is strengthened intentionally to further explain that the honest and upright official's case hearing pattern is a law-abiding official's consideration process; in character citing, the figures in the Ming Dynasty, especially those in late Ming Dynasty, are frequently cited to arouse the reader's memories. Through sorting out the texts, the thesis attempts to discover the major feature of the honest and upright official image in late Ming Dynasty, i.e. polarity, and intensively present the opposition and complementation of the moral character orienting to good and evil, the yin-yang attribute of case hearing and the overall analysis of true and false identity, thus demonstrating the conflict between the contradiction of honest and upright official culture and the reflected reality. Through the analysis herein, the historical significance of the new upsurge in court-case novels in late Ming Dynasty comes to the top; by means of text creation, the honest and upright official culture is driven to a new height and the epitome of the late Ming society is also reflected in the polarity of honest and upright official prototype.