領袖名與紀念的空間政治：台灣的中山、中正地名之比較研究

National Leader’s Name and the Spatial Politics of Commemoration: A comparative study of Zhongshan and Zhongzhen in Taiwan

在領袖崇拜與紀念的議題之下，國內、外關於孫中山與蔣中正的研究已累積了一定的成果，關懷其領袖意象／崇拜是如何藉由各種方式被塑造出來的。不同於前人研究所探究的領袖意象建構方式，本文旨在探討台灣中山、中正兩種領袖地名的時空分布特性及其地名政治之異同。文中選用批判地名學中所著重的空間觀點（規模、層級、區位）作為主要的研究視角，研究區範圍包含台灣本島及離島地區，並選取兩領袖地名時常出現之道路、行政區、學校為指標進行分析。研究結果顯示，以1945年11月17日公告實施的「台灣省各縣市街道名稱改正辦法」為依據，兩類領袖地名開始大量的在台灣的公共空間中產生增生效果。雖然一般認為，中山、中正兩類地名在威權時期廣泛滲入常民生活空間中。但若進一步加以細究，則可發現此一過程並非是共時性的，在空間分布上亦相當的不均質。在道路、行政區、學校等三類承載領袖名稱的介質中，中山、中正地名的時空取向時而相異，時而相同，象徵著不同的意涵，不應被一以蓋之。

Regarding the topic of glorifying and commemorating political leaders, the research in Sun Yat-Sen and Chiang Kai-Shek (also known as Chiang Chung-Cheng), both domestic and overseas, have delivered certain amount of outcome focusing on how the image and/or worship of their leadership have been molded via various mediums and channels. Intending to take a different approach, this research aims to explore both the similarities and dissimilarities of the characteristics of the time-space distribution and also the politics of place-naming between ‘Zhongshan’ and ‘Zhongzhen’ in Taiwan. In light of that, this research adopted the space-related viewpoints, e.g. scales, space hierarchy, location, etc., emphasized by Critical Toponymy as the main research angle, included Taiwan and its off-shore islands as the scope of research, and chose streets/roads, administrative areas and schools as indices to conduct analysis. The result shows that standing on the Guidelines for Revising the Names of Streets and Roads of Cities and Counties in Taiwan proclaimed and implemented on November 17th, 1945, the abovementioned place names, i.e.‘Zhongshan’ and ‘Zhongzhen’ began to create proliferative effects in a large scale in Taiwan’s public space. Although it is generally believed that both names started to widely permeate into people’s daily lives during the authoritarian period, this detailed research has discovered that such course itself is not synchronic; the spatial distribution is not homogeneous, either. Furthermore, the three different mediums, streets/roads, administrative areas and schools, that carrying the names show both dissimilar and similar space-time orientation. In other words, there are different meanings or intentions, and should not be put under the same category.