唐代載錄詩事小說的敘事探究－－以《本事詩》、《雲溪友議》為考察中心

Narrative in Tang Dynasty Fiction Dealing with Poetry: A Study Centered around the Benshi shi and the Yunxi youyi

唐代的詩歌創作發達，在唐代的小說敘述中往往出現詩歌，成為唐代小說一個特殊的文體現象，尤其在中晚唐之際，出現了許多專門記載有關詩人及其詩歌軼事的小說，形成了唐代小說與詩歌的交涉類型之一。本篇論文嘗試以最具代表性的載錄詩事小說－－《本事詩》和《雲溪友議》，來探究此一小說與詩歌交涉類型的敘述面貌。由於二書內容多為載錄詩事之作，在全書性質的判定上，出現了曖昧的情形，本篇從二書「觸事興詠」的敘事內容，理解產生此曖昧之因，也藉此掌握二書故事事件與詩歌交錯的形制，進而探析詩歌與故事事件交互作用的模式具體運作的情形，和因之而產生的敘事效果。本文進一步根據探析所得的敘述內容和形式，釐清《本事詩》和《雲溪友議》與「詩序」、「詩話」和其他夾雜詩歌敘事的唐代小說的關係，探得載錄詩事的小說實建構出唐代小說中詩歌與故事事件交互作用而完成敘事的一種敘事類型，上承「詩序」，下啓「詩話」，別塑一記載詩事的敘述模式，既具文體的多元性，又游移在紀實與虛構之間。

Poetry was a highly developed genre during the Tang dynasty and its frequent use as a narrative tool is indeed one of the unique textual characteristics of the fiction of that period. One form in which the interaction between poetry and fiction took place was works of fiction relating stories about poets and their works, a form that was particularly prevalent during the middle and late Tang periods. This paper will discuss the narrative style of this particular form of fiction by looking at the Benshi shi 本事詩and the Yunxi youyi 雲溪友議, two works that best represent fiction dealing with poetry. As both of these works, for the most part, tell stories about poems, there is a certain amount of ambiguity as to how they should be classified, i.e, whether they are fiction or poetical critiques. By looking at the narrative technique of “responding to events with poems” 觸事興詠, we will attempt to explain the reason behind this ambiguity. Attention to this narrative technique will also allow us to understand the form that the interaction between event and poem in these stories takes, and to further examine both the particular ways in which event and poem interact and the narrative effects created thereby. Based on our analysis of narrative content and form, we will then discuss the relationship between the Benshi shi and the Yunxi youyi on the one hand, and shixu 詩序, shihua 詩話, and other works of fiction during the Tang dynasty that incorporate poetry and narrative on the other. We conclude that this type of fiction in fact represents a narrative form of Tang dynasty fiction whereby the narrative is completed by the interaction between poem and event. By defying classification into a single genre and by blurring the distinction between the historical and fictional, this unique narrative form builds on the previous tradition of the shixu and opens up the way for the later shihua genre.