日治時期安平港對外貿易之分析

Study on the Trade of An-Ping Harbor during Japanese Rule

學界有關日治時期安平港衰退的討論一直停留在文字論述的層面，卻缺乏具體數據來支撐相關說法。筆者認為，進出口貿易是檢視港口輸運能量最具指標性的方法。在此認知下，本文以日治時期臺灣總督府所編《臺灣外國貿易年表》和《臺灣貿易年表》的歷年貿易數據作為分析素材，試圖釐清日治時期安平港的貿易變遷，從而釐清安平港的貿易特色。本文分別從進出口貿易、出口商品和進口商品等三個面向深入分析，初步獲致下列三點結論：1.日治時期安平港的總體貿易是成長的，此與學界認定的安平港衰退論，剛好相反。不過，進出口貿易結構於1906年後出現出口與進口背離現象，亦即進口成長、出口衰退，致使安平港成為典型的進口港。2.在貿易市場方面，1903-1905年間以後，無論出口或進口，安平港對外貿易市場已經大幅轉向日本內地，這種現象充分反映在對日貿易（移出入額）和對國外貿易（輸出入額）的明顯差距。3.在進出口商品方面，糖米出口衰退是導致安平港出口貿易總體難以成長的主因，而飲食品、紡織品、紙和木材則構成安平港進口貿易的底蘊，其中，紡織品和紙的貿易額甚至遠高於高雄港，因而最能凸顯日治時期安平港進口貿易的特色。

Most previous studies of the decline of An-ping Harbor have been textual analyses that often lack substantiating statistics. It is generally agreed that import and export figures are the most significant elements in examining the shipping capacity of a harbor. Hence, this essay attempts to clarify the vicissitudes of trading activities in An-ping Harbor during Japanese rule by using statistics taken from Taiwan (Formosa) Annual Statistic Report of Foreign Trades and Taiwan (Formosa) Annual Statistic Report of Trade compiled by the Taiwan Governor-General’s Office. It will also elucidate the trade characteristics of An-ping harbor. The study focuses on three aspects: importation, exported goods, and imported goods. Its findings are as follows: 1. The overall trade through An-ping Harbor during Japanese rule experienced positive growth, contrary to the general belief that the harbor was in decline. However, after 1906, the direction of trade reversed, with imports exceeding exports, and An-ping Harbor became a typical importation harbor. 2. In terms of trading markets, after 1905, both importation and exportation through An-ping were directed toward the Japanese mainland, as demonstrated by the fact that Taiwan’s trade with Japan far exceeded its trade with other countries. 3. As the decline of sugar and rice exports slowed the growth of the An-ping Harbor, textile and paper imports became the basis of the harbor’s trade. The total amount of imports of these two goods far exceeded that of the Kaohsiung Harbor during this period.