德國民法上勞動契約的特性

The Characteristics of Labor Contract of German Civil Code

德國民法上的勞動契約，是從屬性的僱傭契約、消費者契約。德國民法關於僱傭契約的規定，以未有特別規定者為限有適用的餘地。德國民法關於消費者契約的規定於勞動契約原則上也有適用的餘地。德國民法上的勞動契約（包括廢止契約）雖然是消費者契約，但並不是登門銷售契約，勞工因此不得撤回廢止契約。自債務法現代化後德國民法關於一般交易條款的規定，也適用在定型化勞動契約，但在此間應顧及到勞動契約在勞動法上適用的特性。在債務法現代化後，企業風險理論成文化在德國民法第615條第3句規定之中：因不可歸責於勞工與雇主的事由，致勞務給付不能者，如果不能原因並非發生在企業領域內，則勞工免勞務給付義務、不負有補服勞務的義務，而且仍然得請求工資。勞工不良履行或違反保護義務致生損害者，僅就故意或重大過失負責，是勞工的限制責任原則。

Labor contract in Germany is subordinate employment contract and consumer contract. Therefore, the regulations about consumer protection of German Civil Code apply also for labor contract. Although labor contract is consumer contract, but not door-to-door sales contract, and hence the contract can not be revoked. Accordance with the provisions of the German Civil Code Section 310 paragraph 1 of German Civil Code, Section 305 to Section 310 provisions on general terms of transaction, is also applicable for standardize labor contract since the reform of obligation law, but here should be taken into account in characteristics of labor contract which applicable in labor laws. After the modernization of the obligation law the theory of corporation risk is regulated in German Civil Code Section 615: when the employee can not work and it is not attributable to him and the employer, and it occur in the field of enterprise, the employee is free from working and the employer should also pay. The employee is responsible only for his willful or gross negligence by poor performance or breach of the obligation.