〈表記〉政治思想探析－－結合郭店儒簡之討論

A Look at the Political Thought in“Biaoji”: With Discussion on Confucian Guodian Slips

〈坊記〉、〈中庸〉、〈表記〉、〈緇衣〉，於今本《禮記》中篇序相連，意義相連屬、彼此相互貫串，且與孔子之為政思想相貫通。本文乃繼〈緇衣〉、〈坊記〉之系列探討後，再結合郭店儒簡之資料而論述〈表記〉全篇之政治思想。本文之進行，首先說明為文之動機、目的與範圍；其次，論述君子主敬修德以立本；再其次，則分從四項細目論述君子以仁、義、報三者治天下；然後，分別從〈唐虞之道〉之簡文記載以及文獻資料，論述以舜為凱弟君子之表率；繼此之後，結合〈六德〉之簡文，然後分從三方面論述合宜的人臣事君之道；最後，再提出〈表記〉與郭店儒簡其他篇章思想相近之處，說明二者之關係密切，同時也不排除〈表記〉之整編與子思學派有關。

In the modern version of The Classic of Rites, “Fangji”坊記, “Zhongyong”中庸, “Biaoji”表記 and “Ziyi”緇衣 are placed together. Moreover, their meaning and message are also interconnected, especially pertaining to the political thought of Confucius. This article is the lastest installment in a series of studies done on the political thought of “Fangji” and “Ziyi” and utilizes Confucian Guodian slips to explore the political thought in “Biaoji.” Discussion is divided into six parts: First, research motives, objectives, and scope are delineated. Second, the teaching that a ruler of a country should strengthen himself by reverence and virtue is discussed. Third, four aspects of the way a ruler governs his country with kindheartedness, justice, and virtue is analyzed. Fourth, arguments are set forth based on “The Way of Tang and Yu” 唐虞之道and traditional books to show that Shun舜 is the model ruler. Fifth, discussion is given based on material in “Liude”六德 and traditional books on three principles a minister should use to serve his monarch. Six, material in “Biaoji” and other related Confucian Guodian slips is presented to show that “Biaoji” is likely connected with the School of Zisi子思學派.