明代貢鮮船的管理與運輸

Transportation and Management of Gong-Xian Ships in Ming Dynasty

明代的貢鮮船，在明成祖尚未遷都北京以前，其原本的功能，馬船是以載送戰船為主，風快船為載運水軍的軍需品，黃船則是明成祖巡視北京時的座船。但遷都北京以後，馬船、風快船、黃船全改為運輸皇室和官方所需的物品。貴鮮船上的都運官多為宜宮，因管理不當，常有違法情形發生，如私載商貨、毆辱官員等。為減輕船夫負擔等原因，馬船從817隻至萬歷十五年 減為440隻，風快船從956隻至萬歷二年減為500隻。

In Ming Dynasty, before Emperor Ming-Cheng-Zu moved the capital to Beijing, the functions of the Gong-Xian Ships were as following. Ma Ships was mainly used for carrying warships. Fong-Kuai Ships was used for transporting the military supplies for the navy. Huang Ships was the vehicle Emperor Ming-Cheng-Zu took when he went on an inspection tour to Beijing. However, after Beijing had become the capital, Ma Ships, Fong-Kuai Ships, and Huang Ships all became the vehicles for carrying royal and official goods. Most of the Du-Yun-Guans (the officials supervising the conveyance）。n Gong-Xian Ships were eunuchs. Due to improper management, illegal affairs took place frequently, such as smuggling private merchandise, assaulting and humiliating officials. For the reasons such as lessoning the burden of hiring watermen, the number of Ma Ships was decreased from 817 to 440 in Wan-Li Year 15 and the number of Fong-Kuai Ships was decreased from 956 to 500 in Wan-Li Year 2.