採購貪污與圖利罪之研析－－以民間參與公共工程、虛偽規格圖說及同等品驗收不實為例

The Research on Anti-Corruption Act and Kickback Statute: The Cases Analysis of BOT, Fake Specification and Mistakable Acceptance

政府採購各階段行為態樣繁複，涉法案件之刑事偵審，常見政府採購法與相關子法、貪污治罪條例及刑法之交錯適用。認定個案事實時，多需要採購招標規格圖說、商情分析與採購計畫文件清單或驗收格式文書之取證，至於適用法律，則著重相關法令及採購行政規則之解釋，尤其在結合促進民間參與公共建設法及獎勵民間參與交通建設條例之案件，更涉及「興建經營合約」之法律性質辯證，與行為人有無公務員身分之認定，整體反映於法院判決數據現象分析，亦見貪污治罪條例各罪及圖利罪之低定罪率、高上訴及發回比率，長久以來，即為我國司法實務關注之難題。本文擬先以最高法院101年台上字第3385號判決及102年台上字第4887號判決為對照契引，簡述國內興辦重大工程案件以貪污治罪條例及圖利罪訴追時所面臨之實況，進一步擇取虛偽規格圖說及同等品驗收不實之個案研析為研究途徑，以司法終審確定案件及不起訴確定案件為對象，考察政府採購與工程貪污案件偵辦之脈絡，並提出有關採購貪污案件犯罪預警及鞏固偵查實效之五個建議面向。

Government procurement system engages in various patterns. The illicit cases involve in criminal liability. Most cases are likely to be uncovered with regard to anti-corruption act and kickback statute. Particularly, as regards BOT (Build, Operation and Transfer) in relation to public infrastructure or traffic transportation establishment, the contract of construction and management would somehow result in legal disputes and a debate on the identification of governmental officials. According to the judicial statistics, the real picture of crime on anti-corruption and kickback presents a low conviction rate, high further appeal and remanded rate. This is always a puzzle in the judicial practice in Taiwan. The article aims to cite 3385 judgment of Taiwan supreme court in 2012 and 4887 judgment in 2013 in order to further elaborate crim inal case of BOT involving in anti-corruption act and kickback statute. Moreover, the paper will choose the criminal cases of fake specification and mistakable acceptance in government procurement system for further analysis. In final, five suggestions are proposed in providing for the field of crime prevention and investigation in relation to anti-corruption act and kickback.