性別刻板印象與運動行為探討

The Relationship between Gender Stereotypes and Exercise Behaviors

性別刻板印象確實存在於運動情境中，且無所不在地影響著運動參與者。本文試以運動情境相關研究，找出性別刻板印象對運動行為影響其研究上可能的理論途徑。以Eccles期望－價值理論及Bem性別基模理論，解釋個體性別刻板印象知覺的來源及對個體成就表現影響的機制，為一可依循的研究途徑。未來可透過更多實徵研究來驗證和建立符合運動情境性別刻板印象概念模式及理論，使運動心理學者、父母、體育教師、運動教練或運動員對運動情境性別刻板印象對運動行為的影響有更深一層的認識。

Gender stereotypes are manifest in sports contexts and exert their influences ubiquitously on participating athletes. Based on related sports context literatures this paper explores a possible theoretical approach which illustrates the influences of gender stereotypes on exercise behaviors. According to Eccles's Expectancy-Value Model and Bem's Gender-Schema Theory, the perception of gender stereotypes' influence on individual's achievement performance might lead to a possible approach to the study. It is hoped that in-depth research be conducted in the future where more empirical studies can verify and establish theories or models appropriate for gender stereotypes in sports contexts, insomuch that sports psychologists, parents, physical education teachers, coaches or athletes are led to a deeper understanding of the effects of gender stereotypes on exercise behaviors in sports contexts.