中國民族問題與習近平的治理策略

Ethnic issues in the China and Xi Jinping’s Governance Strategy

少數民族是攸關中國政治穩定的大事，邊疆問題成了習上任後，最大的挑戰之一。本文，旨在觀察習近平的施政理念與內涵，對中國建政60年來，愈形對立、日益嚴峻的民族問題，是否將產生影響？本文於第二節提出：少數民族與漢族黨政幹部權力分配情形、少數民族經濟利益條件、國際間大國利益競逐與民族主義運動影響等三項指標，做為觀察習近平的全球策略佈局與政策內涵對少數民族的關聯性，藉以判斷其對少數民族分離意識的可能影響。本文第三節，闡述習近平的全球治理策略與民族問題的關聯意義。第四至第六節，對應於上述諸觀察指標，就習近平時代的少數民族政策內涵與實際作為，做出影響效果的分析，並據此於第七節提出結論。

Ethnic minorities constitute a major issue that has a crucial influence on China’s political stability, and China’s border regions have come to be one of the greatest challenges facing Xi Jinping since he became President. The purpose of this study is to examine the ideas and implications of Xi Jinping’s governance, and to consider whether they will have an impact on the ethnic questions that have been becoming ever more serious and antagonistic over the six decades since the People’s Republic of China was founded. Section 2 of this study considers three indicators: the influence of the distribution of power between ethnic minority and Han party and government officials; the economic interests and conditions of ethnic minorities; and the influence of the competing interests of major global powers and nationalist movements. It then uses these indicators to observe the connectivity between Xi Jinping’s global strategic deployment and its political implications for ethnic minorities, and thereby to judge their possible influence on ethnic minorities’ separatist thinking. Section 3 of this study discusses the connections between Xi Jinping’s global governance strategy and ethnic issues and their significance. Sections 4 to 6 present an analysis of the impacts and effects of ethnic minority policies and concrete measures under Xi Jingping’s leadership, with reference to the above-mentioned indices, while Section 7 proposes conclusions based on the above.