計程車駕駛執業限制罪名與再犯之縱貫性研究

A Longitudinal Study on Crime and Recidivism: Testing the Regulation of Qualification and Certification of Taxi Driver

鑒於計程車消費者具犯罪被害脆弱性，我國自1981年於「道路交通管理處罰條例第37條第1項」開始管制計程車駕駛人執業登記資格，限制曾犯故意殺人、搶劫、搶奪、強盜及毒品等罪之人從事計程車駕駛。惟考量乘客安全與民眾選擇職業自由，仍須藉由客觀實證證據檢視禁業罪名之再犯風險，俾利了解政策合適性。此項研究以2001年與2002年間因犯禁業罪名而緩刑（8,182名）或期滿、假釋出監者（10,733名）為研究對象，並追蹤其至2013年（約12年）之刑案再犯紀錄。研究結果顯示：(1)99.99%的再犯樣本於釋放或緩刑後第11年內再犯；(2)出監人再犯率高於受緩刑人；(3)毒品、暴力及財產犯罪為主要再犯類型；(4)觸犯懲治走私條例者有較低的再犯率及再犯暴力犯罪的風險；並根據研究結果提出相關建議。

Due to the vulnerability of taxi passengers to crime victimization, people having previous criminal records, such as murder, robbery, scramble, bandit, and drug, have been prohibited from applying the qualification and certification of taxi driver by the Article 37-1 of the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road Traffic Regulations since 1981. Considering passenger safety and citizen's freedom of occupation, it is necessary to examine the risk of recommitting crime controlled by the law to ensure the appropriateness of regulation. Samples of the current study consist of 8,182 probationers and 10,733 inmates discharged or paroled from prisons between 2001 and 2002, and their recidivism recodes tracking to 2013 (about 12 years) are also collected. Results show that 99% of samples recommitted crime within 12 years of release or probation. The recidivism rate of the inmates discharged or paroled from prison is higher than probationers. Drug, violent crime, and property crime are major types of recidivism. Offenders violating the Punishment of Smuggling Act have lower recidivism rate and risk of committing violent crimes. Suggestions based on the research findings are discussed.