市售奶嘴中之微量揮發性亞硝胺分析

ROUTINE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE N -NITROSAMINES IN TAIWAN MADE NURSING BOTTLE NIPPLES

臺灣市售之乳膠奶嘴及矽膠奶嘴，經二氯甲烷萃取，大氣蒸餾、濃縮，再經氣相層析儀─熟能分析儀定量奶嘴中之揮發性氮─亞硝胺洩化合物。七種揮發性氮─亞硝胺洩化合物標準溶液，內含NDMA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR 和nMOR，經上述方法測定，各回收率分別為94.1, 100.8, 91.9, 91.0, 91.6及91.0%。而且大氣蒸餾法較仗用蒸氣蒸餾法為佳，所有之乳膠奶嘴及42%之矽膠奶嘴含有揮發性氮─亞硝胺洩化合物；NDMA, NDEA, NDBA 及 NPIP 在矽膠奶嘴之最高含量分別為9.3, 1.3, 67.5，及28.5ppb，而在乳膠奶嘴中，最高含量分別為74.5, 1.6, 245.5及27.7ppb 。乳膠奶嘴用熱水煮沸40分鐘，則 NDMA 及 NDBA 在乳膠奶嘴減少83.9及61%。乳膠奶嘴經人工唾液萃取後，發現奶嘴中之 NDMA, NDEA 及 NDBA 有轉移至人工唾液中之現象，含量分別為41, 3.6及72ppb。而NDMA, NDEA 及 NDBA 之相關可硝化性前驅物亦由乳膠奶嘴轉移至人工唾液中，在人工唾液中，含量分別為195, 550及3005 ppb；如乳膠奶嘴先經熱水煮沸30分鐘後，再用人工唾液萃取，則發現乳膠奶嘴中 NDMA 及 NDBA 之相對可硝化性前驅物轉移至人工唾液中大量減少，各分別或少31.7及77.1%。如乳膠奶嘴利用pH4之酸性溶液浸泡24小時後，則 NDMA 及 NDBA 在乳膠奶嘴之含量分別減少90.6及22.8%，如浸泡在pH10之鹼性溶液中24小時，則乳膠奶嘴中之 NDMA 及 NDBA 則分別減少90.1及13%。

A local market survey of the levels of volatile N -nitrosamines in Taiwan and foreign made latex and silicon nipples as determined by the procedures of dichloromethane extraction, atmospheric distillation, concentration and gas chromatographythermal enegy analyzer (GC-TEA) were investigated. The average recoveries of N-nitrosodimethlamine (NDMA), Nnitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), Nnitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), Nnitrosopiperidine (NPIP), Nnitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and Nnitrosomorpholine (NMOR) at the concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 250 ppb through the procedures were found to be 94.1, 100.8, 95.4, 91.9, 91.0, 91.6 and 91.0%, respectively. The percent recoveries of volatile N-nitrosamines by atmospheric distillation were found to be higher as compared with steam distillation. Forty-two percent and all of the tested silicon and latex nippies were contaminated with volatile Nnitrosamines, respectively. The levels of NDMA, NDEA, NDBA and NPIP in the silicon nipples were found at the concentrations up to 9.3, 1.3, 67.5 and 28.5 ppb, respectively. The levels of NDMA, NDEA, NDBA and NPIP in the latex nipples were found at the concentrations up to 74.5, 1.6, 245.5 and 27.7 ppb, respectively. The levels of NDMA and NDBA in the latex nipples decreased 83.9 and 61%, respectively after the nipples were boiled in water for 40 min. Migration of NDMA, NDEA and NDBA and their nitrosatable precursors from the latex nipples into artificial saliva solution were found after incubation for 24 hr at 40°C. The levels of NDMA, NDEA and NDBA in the saliva solution were found at the concentrations up to 41, 3.6 and 72 ppb, respectively. The levels of NDMA, NDEA and NDBA nitrosatable precursors in the saliva solution were found to be at the concentrations up to 195, 550 and 3005 ppb, respectively. The migration of nitrosatable precursors of NDMA and NDBA from the latex nipplesinto artificial saliva solution decreased 31.7 and 77.1%, respectively thelatex nipplesinto artificial saliva solution decreased 31.7 and 77.1%, respectively if the nipples were boiled for 30 min in water before saliva solution incubation. The levels of NDMA and NDBA in the latex nipples decreased 90.6 and 22.8%, respectively if the nipples were soaked at pH solution for 24 hr and decreased 90.1 and 13%, respectively if the nipples were soaked at pH 10 solution for 24 hr. The levels of NDMA can be easily removed from the latex nipples by water, acidic or alkali solution by over 87% reduction. The levels of NDBA can only be effectively removed from the latex nipples by water as compared with acidic and alkali solutions.