苗栗縣國中田徑運動代表隊選手參與阻礙之研究

A Preliminary Study on Participation Obstructions of Track And Field Athletes from Junior High Schools in Miaoli County

本研究旨在探討苗栗縣國中田徑運動代表隊選手參與阻礙之現況，並比較不同個人背景變項選手之差異情形。依照104年苗栗縣第一次全民運動會田徑秩序冊參賽名單，共發出問卷508份問卷。施測結果共回收413份問卷，有效問卷為400份，回收率78％。採用獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及雪費法事後比較等統計分析。研究結果發現：一、參與阻礙之層面以田徑比賽經費不足、政府不重視田徑、運動器材及場地不足及學校不重視田徑校隊等「結構性阻礙」影響最大。二、女性在「人際間阻礙」層面上高於男性。三、在不同年級及不同最佳運動比賽成績兩個變項中皆無顯著差異。四、運動年資未滿一年者在「個人內在阻礙」、「人際間阻礙」影響最高；運動年資三至六年者在「結構性阻礙」則高於一至三年者。結論：女性與運動年資較淺者之田徑選手應給更多關懷與鼓勵，可降低個人內在及人際間之阻礙，故而減少參與阻礙。

The study aimed to explore current participation obstructions of track and field athletes from junior high schools in Miaoli County and to compare the athletes' differences resulting from personal background variables. A total of 508 questionnaires were distributed based on the entry list in the track and field agenda brochure of Miaoli County's 1st People's Games in 2015. A total of 413 questionnaires were returned, 400 out of which were valid, achieving a 78% valid response rate. The independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's method for a posteriori comparison were adopted for statistical analysis. Results of the study are as follows. 1) The ＂structural obstruction＂ aspect imposed the greatest influence regarding participation obstructions, resulting from insufficient budget for track and field competitions, the unimportance of track and field from the government's view, insufficient space for sports equipment and venues, and the unimportance of track and field school teams from schools' perspective. 2) Females showed higher level of ＂interpersonal obstruction＂ than males. 3) No significant differences were found in two background variables, different athletes' grades (7^(th) to 9^(th) grades) and best game scores. 4) Track and field experience of less than one year caused the biggest influence in the ＂intrapersonal obstruction＂ and ＂interpersonal obstruction＂ aspects. Track and field experience of three to six years caused greater influence in ＂structural obstruction＂ than that of one to three years. In sum, female athletes and athletes of less experience should be given more attention and encouragement to decrease their intrapersonal and interpersonal obstructions, and in turn reduce their participation obstructions.