故事討論對幼兒道德推理影響之研究－－以具「分享」內涵之故事討論為例

The Effectiveness of Story-Discussion on The Development of Children's Moral Reasoning

本研究旨在探討幼兒園師生討論具「分享」內涵主題的故事，對幼兒的道德推理能力產生的影響。本研究以一名老師和12名中、大班（5-6歲）幼兒為研究對象，並將幼兒分成故事討論組與故事講述（無討論）組兩組，分別進行八次故事講述與討論及僅故事講述的活動；故事討論前、後皆與幼兒進行正式訪談（以分享有關之「情境問題」）及非正式訪談。本研究主要資料來源為故事討論實施過程中的錄影觀察逐字稿，以及故事討論前後的個別訪談記錄。主要研究發現如下：一、故事討論組的幼兒在後訪談中所表現於有關分享的道德推理層級略高於無討論組的幼兒。二、老師提問的方式會影響幼兒討論的品質。「解釋層面」與「應用層面」等開放式問題，可容許較多的答案、給予幼兒較多的思考空間，對於幼兒在分享概念上的道德推理亦有正向影響。三、選擇具有「分享」意涵且符合幼兒興趣與生活經驗的故事與幼兒進行故事討論，能夠促進幼兒的分享意願與道德推理能力。研究者並針對研究結果及實施上的限制，提出幾點建議供幼兒園教師、家長以及未來研究者在研究與帶領故事討論上的參考。

The study was intended to explore the effectiveness of story discussion activities on children's moral reasoning development through observing children's discussion about sharing-theme stories with their peers and the teacher. One teacher and twelve children aged 5-6 were the research participants. Children were divided into two groups: story-telling (-without-discussion) group and story (telling-with-) discussion group. Eight sessions of story-discussion activities were conducted and video-taped for the story-discussion group. Both formal and informal interviews with children and the teacher were carried out prior to and after sessions of story activities for the two groups. The research data based on the transcribed text of video and interviews were analyzed in relation to children's moral reasoning. The significant findings include: A. The children in story-telling-with-discussion group show better moral reasoning than that of the children in story-telling group in post-interview. B. Open-ended questioning, compared with non-open-ended questioning, induces better discussion and thus is more helpful to the development of children's moral reasoning. C. The stories appealing to children are helpful to encourage children's willingness to participate in story-discussion and result in better moral reasoning performance. Some practical suggestions are offered to preschool teachers, parents and researchers interested in this topic.