國中學生的「家庭」概念分析

Students' Concepts of Family in Junior High School

本研究皆在以文件分析法瞭解國民中學學生「家庭」的概念，作為規畫國民中學家政課程中「家庭生活」領域課程計畫之參考；並以為建構本土化家庭概念架構之具體參照。透過家政教師之協助，在國二學生上家政課時，要求學生以「我的家庭」為題在30分鐘寫一篇作文；總計蒐集了37篇作為分析之依據。結果發現，國二學生在「我的家庭」一文中的描述涵蓋了16項的「家庭」概念。本研究結論有三：(1)「家庭成員」與「家人關係」是學生對家庭的基礎概念；「家庭功能」、「家務分工」、「家人職業」及「家人性格」等四項是學生對家庭的次基礎概念。(2)相較於一般有關家庭方面的實證研究所強調的家庭概念，本研究發現國中學生的家庭概念有其侷限性與創新性的內涵。(3)本研究採寫作的自陳法蒐集有關「我的家庭」之資料，並進行文件分析，可提供有關「家庭生活」課程設計與對學生「生活適應」輔導或對家長的「親職教育」輔導的重要訊息。

The purposes of this study were to understand junior high school students' concept of family for the curriculum development and to construct a native conceptual framework of family by document analysis. It took 30 minutes for data collection in the home economics class of the 8th grade in Taipei, 1997. The data included 37 students' writings about their own family. There were 16 items of conception related to their concept of family based on qualitative data analysis. There were five major findings in this study. First, there were 2/3 students' writings with regard to ''family members' and ''family relationships' in the description of their family. Second, it was about 1/3 writings pointed out ''functions of family' and 'labor division of housekeeping' in the description of their family. Third, it was about 1/4 writings mentioned 'occupation of family members' and 'the character of family members' in their family description. Fourth, it was found that over 1/10 of their family description mentioned layout of home space, habits of family members, parental attitudes and practices toward children, material quality of living, appearance and figure of family members, and family values. Finally, it was less than 1/10 of description related to home environment and location, hobbies of family members, home sanitation, and the primary family. It was very interesting that several untraditional notions or innovation were depicted in their family descriptions.