明代江南士人的抄書生活

The Scribing Lifestyle of Jiang-Nang Literatus in Ming Dynasty

抄錄書籍是古代藏書家蒐集圖書最常用的方法，即便是在雕版印刷普遍流行的宋、元、明、清等朝代，仍是如此。另一方面，歷代文人還把抄書當作讀書時幫助記憶的有效辦法，只要手抄一遍就可以加深印象，得到事半功倍的效果。所以，手工抄寫不會因為雕版印刷的發明與普及而遭到廢止，既是求知自學、積累知識的基本手段，也是書籍製作和文獻整理的基本工作，更是古代典籍傳播和流通的主要介面。明代的圖書印刷事業雖已相當發達，但是許多書籍仍然得之不易，因此文士們非常重視抄書，蔚成時尚與生活特色。明代江南士人的抄書活動對於今日全民閱讀運動的啟發，不但可以注入新的力量，開發新的趨勢，更是一個非常值得探討的區域文化命題。由於明代江南文士普遍喜歡抄書，彼此間互相借閱傳抄，不但保存暨流通古代典籍、傳播知識與文化、促進著述和創作、精進書法的藝術，甚至也可滿足自我癖好，成為文人生活文化的一種時代面向。

The scribing was the popular way for ancient book collectors' acquiring and collecting books in the Sung Dynasty, Yuen Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and Ching Dynasty. The literatus was used to scribing in order to enhance memory. The manual transcribing, therefore, would never be abolished even after the invention of engraving. Furthermore, the scribing had been a fundamental method of studying, self-learning, document arrangement, and the major interface of ancient books and records' communication and circulation. The literatus Min Dynasty's literatus regarded scribing as important and became characteristics of fashion and lifestyle although the printing techinique had been developed. The scribing activity of Jiang-Nang literatus has enlightened the public reading campaign nowadays, and it is also a significant issue of regional culture. Due to the scribing was popular in Ming Dynasty, the ancient books were reserved, knowledge and culture were disseminated, compiling and creative writing were promoted, and finally the scribing became the lifestyle. The article intends to discuss the above dimensions.