革命時代的反革命：基督教「王明道反革命集團」案始末考

Counterrevolution in an Age of Revolution: “Wang Mingdao’s Christian Counterrevolutionary Clique”

1955-1956年間，中共中央在全國展開肅清「反革命」分子的鬥爭運動，期間針對基督教及天主教界，先後破獲王明道、龔品梅及倪柝聲三起反革命集團案件。本文根據歷史文獻及政府檔案，以「王明道反革命集團」案為中心，從王氏本人、黨國及基督教三自運動三者間的互動，探討這宗基督教界反革命集團案的始末。全文旨在處理：（一）王明道與黨國支持的基督教三自革新運動間的矛盾，及王氏的思想歷程；（二）黨國如何在不同的政治形勢下，對王明道進行團結及鬥爭，最終並以肅清反革命分子的方式處理王氏；（三）評檢這宗反革命集團案的性質及影響。

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) launched its nationwide campaign to root out counterrevolutionaries in 1955-56, three major counterrevolutionary cliques (Wang Mingdao, Gong Pinmei, and Ni Tuosheng) were uncovered in Christian and Catholic circles and arrested. Based on historical documents and government archives, this article discusses the origins of the ”Wang Mingdao Christian counterrevolutionary clique” and examines how the case was shaped by the interactions of Wang, the Party-state and the Christian Three-self Patriotic Movement (TSPM). Three issues are addressed in this article: first, the intellectual response of Wang during his fights and struggles with the TSPM and CCP; second, the change in the CCP's policy toward Wang from a soft-line to a hard-line approach, in terms of the relevant political situation; and third, the nature and effect of Wang's counterrevolutionary clique.