行色匆匆：1947年蔣中正的兩次北巡

Hurried Travels: Chiang Kai-shek's Two Northern Inspection Tours of 1947

1928年底，北伐完成，蔣中正已成為中華民國的領導中心。蔣具有英雄氣質，事必躬親，益以時代的進步，飛機的使用趨於普遍，便捷無比，致蔣於其後十年間出外巡視各地較前頻繁。1937-1945年抗戰期間，蔣長駐重慶，坐鎮西南大後方，領導抗戰，甚少出川遠巡，主要還是安全上的顧慮。1945年8月，日本投降，抗戰結束，然國共內戰又起，而且愈趨激烈。在此內戰期間，蔣離重慶或南京出巡的次數，遠較抗戰時期為多，主要是1948年冬季以前，共軍只佔有全中國部份土地，絕大多數擁有機場的大城市猶在國軍手中，蔣出巡受到的制約甚為有限。加以共軍裝備較差，空軍尚在組建中，蔣乘座機出巡，殊少威脅。由於國共內戰係以北方（華北、東北、山東）最為熾烈，故蔣的出巡中，以赴北方的次數最多。而北平係文化古都、北方首要名城和軍政樞紐，1948年1月，國民政府且明令定北平為陪都，是以，蔣巡視北方多以北平為主要駐停地，在此召見北方軍政要員和各界重要人士。本文的主旨，即在論述1947年蔣中正以北平為主要駐停地的兩次北巡，包括其背景原因、經過、特色和影響。

Coming to power and forming a new national government in 1928, Chiang Kai-shek made many inspection tours by airplane all over China in the following ten years. From 1937 to 1945, during the Sino-Japanese War, Chiang stayed in Chongqing and seldom left Sichuan Province due to safety considerations. After Japan's surrender and the beginning of the civil war, Chiang traveled more frequently, making use of the Nationalists' control of the majority of cities with airports. The Communists' embryonic Air Force could not threaten Chiang's air travels. Chiang mostly traveled in the north, the site of the main battles, northeast China, and Shandong. On his northern tours, Chiang primarily stayed in Beiping, the traditional capital, an important city politically and strategically, and a convenient place for Chiang to conduct military and political strategy. In January 1948, the Nationalist government named Beiping as the second capital of the country. This article focuses on the background, causes, processes, features, and results of Chiang's two northern inspection tours and stays in Beiping in 1947.