黃宗羲《易學象數論》的治《易》特色析論

The Study of the Style of Yijing Learning in Huang Zong-xi's Yixuexiangxhulun

黃宗羲為明末清初重要思想家，著有重要《易》著《易學象數論》。鑑於前賢多側重梨洲的象數考辨成就，遂將重心擺在探討梨洲的正面主張，尤其是如何論象數及釋《易》辭。梨洲肯定《易》本有之象有七類，並強調各卦皆有「總象」與「分象」，並將象與義結合，以整體與部分解釋卦與爻的關聯。又結合古代農牧生活，運用天文、曆法觀念，及周代禮樂制度釋《易》。治《易》立場屬義理派，然不廢釋象，《易》學哲學屬氣本論系統。梨洲以天文及三代社會文化釋《易》，開啟現代《易》學的先河，對清代《易》學，甚至現代《易》學都有極大貢獻。

Huang Zongxi is one of the most important scholars of Yijing in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Yixuexiangxhulun is his very important book of Yijing learning. Because there are a lot of studies of Lizhou's Xiangshu learning, this paper pays the emphasis on Lizhou's positive idea, especially that how to discuss Xiang and explain Yici. Lizhou is sure that Yijing has seven symbols, and he emphasizes that every divinatory trigram has major symbol. Besides, every interpret the divinatory trigram has different symbols. We can integrate symbols and meanings, and explain divinatory trigram and lines on a trigram by holistic or part way. Integrate with the ancient living of farmers and herdsmen, use of the ideas of astronomy, calendars and the rite and music of Zhou dynasty. His studies of Yijing is by meaning, but do not forget to explain symbols. The philosophy of Yijing is the system of Qi, and it thinks that there is just one Qi in the world. It discuss the reason on the systematic way, and called Taiji in the root of Qi. This root is Qi, so it will always repeat itself. It's belong to metaphysics. Lizhou initiates the study of Yijing, when he explains Yijing by astronomy and ancient social culture. Lizhou dedicates to the Yijing learning in the Qing dynasty, even in the modern times, have been immense.